試論《經典釋文》止攝韻字的類型變化

Discussion on the category and the Combination of Zhi Rhyme Groups─According to the Fanqie of Various Commentators of Annotations of the Chinese Classics

本文利用《經典釋文》所記錄的諸家反切，及其前後期語音材料，提供兩晉至南朝時期，歷史文獻當中止攝分類上的差異，並參考現代漢語方言以及域外對音，構擬止攝的類型，解釋止攝的類型演變及語音層次。兩晉至南朝時期，止攝韻類變化為：一、支、脂兩韻在東晉時期有分合的共時差異，但受到北音的影響，至南朝時只有分立的狀態；二、微韻在東晉尚與脂韻關係密切，南朝則獨立成韻，為方言差異；三、南朝後期脂、之兩韻合流，支韻也逐漸向脂、之韻靠攏。止攝在部分注家中，具有低元音[a]的層次，以及與脂韻讀音相同的層次。

This paper provides the differentiated elements of Zhi Rhyme Groups（止攝）in historical literatures from Jin Dynasty to Southern Dynasty by analyzing the Fanqie（反切）and the phonics materials noted by various commentators in Annotations of the Chinese Classics. It also reconstructs the Zhi Rhyme category by using modern Chinese dialects and extraterritorial translations as references. There were four （different） rhyme variation stages from Jin Dynasty to Southern Dynasty. First, there was the so-called synchronic differentiation between 支rhyme and 脂rhyme during East Jin Dynasty. But after the influence of northern pronunciation, only the differentiation remained in Southern Dynasty. Second, 微rhyme and 脂rhyme were closely related to each other during the early part of East Jin Dynasty before the two rhymes could be clearly differentiated in the later period. Third, during the late southern Dynasty, 脂rhyme and 之rhyme were combined to one rhyme into which the 支rhyme was gradually merging.