從人物記傳較論馬班之天人及災異思想

Compare Sima Qian's and Ban Gu's Thoughts on “Heaven-human” and “Disasters and Anomaly” by Writings on Biographies

較論馬班之天人及災異思想，從相關記論可見司馬遷有關天命、天道報應、天變譴告等記述的目的，多出於客觀保存史料、真實呈現相關人事或揭露當事人心態；若從宏觀的角度會通有關記事，其實無不強調人事得失，說明在天人關係中，司馬遷以人為主體，重視從人事作為上，探究歷史的興衰和人事發展的撰史態度。
《漢書》不僅在與《史記》均立傳的人物中，常有襲用司馬遷有關天命、天道報應、天變譴告等的記述而發揮不同的評論；在單獨立傳的人物記傳中，相關記事，更不計其數。其記論顯示，在天人關係中，班固不僅以天居於主導的地位，相信天命、天道報應、天變譴告，且有以此過護劉氏政權的撰史意向。

From related writings, we could realize that the goals of Sima Qian's writings about the destiny, the retribution of Heaven's way and the God's punishment from natural calamities are to preserve historical data objectively, describe the related events faithfully and even to unveil the mindset of the party concerned. If we could understand the related events thoroughly, we would see that Sima Qian still focus on the rights and wrongs of the historical events. We could also know that Sima Qian's major concern is Man in the relationship of heaven and human. He focuses on human's behaviors in order to discover the rise and fall of history and the development of historical events.
Ban Gu continued to adopt the descriptions about the destiny, the retribution of Heaven's way and the God's punishment from natural calamities in Sima Qian's writings but with different commentaries. These adoptions happened in several biographies. Ban Gu not only took Heaven in the first place between Heaven and Man but also believed the destiny, the retribution of Heaven's way and the God's punishment from natural calamities. We could also find that Ban Gu's historiographical intention is to defend the political power of Liu' dynasty within.