文學、主體與社會：「滿洲國」文壇建設論爭的起源與發展（1935-1936）

Literature, Subjectivity, and Society: The Origin and Development of Debates on Literary Construction in Manchukuo, 1935-1936

本文以「滿洲國」發生在1935-1936年間，發表於《滿洲報》與《民聲晚報》副刊，「（滿洲）文壇建設」做為主題的論爭為研究對象，探討在殖民地複雜的政治社會環境中，滿洲國滿系文學者，包括左翼社會主義與右翼自由主義陣營，彼此之間如何透過論爭對話，發掘文學、主體與社會關係的思考途徑。在此場論爭中，雙方首先針對文學與社會現實關係及影響功能加以論辯，逐步進入創作者個體生活經驗及社會意識的層次，最後並演變成文學與社會意識形態方面的論爭。
面對此一論爭過程，本文持論以為，首先該論爭確實反映了上世紀二十年代某些社會主義思潮下的共同議題，卻也呈現出不同地區與文化發展思考的特色。其次，在這些論爭文字情緒性的背後，其實反映出滿洲文學者對如何表達超越性認知的焦慮。也正因為如此，他們在面對社會意識形態時，並未出現以群眾之名、行民粹之實，意識形態僵化性的堅持。

This paper focuses on debates over the Manchurian literary construction, which were mainly published in literary supplements of Manchu News and Mingshengwanbao in 1935-1936. It intends to investigate how the Manchurian left and right-wing writers explored the possible relationships among literature, subjectivity, and society in the colonial contextof complicated sociopolitical changes. In these debates, writers of both sides argue firstly about the social functions of literary creation and its relationship with social realities, and secondly about the interaction between individual life experiences and writers’ social consciousness, and lastly about the ideologies of literary works.
This paper indicates that, first of all, the debates not only reflect the common themes of some socialist ideas of the 1920s, but also show the characteristics of different regions and cultural development. In the second place, underneath these emotional arguments is Manchurian writers’ anxiety about how to express transcendental cognition.It is precisely because of such anxiety that they did not fall into ideological rigiditywhen confronting any social ideologies.