孔廣森《公羊通義》的解經路線與關鍵主張

Considering the Questions of Position and Orientation in writings of Kong Guang-Sen

孔廣森（顨軒）乃有清以來第一位對於《春秋公羊傳》提出專著者，其代表著作《公羊通義》，卻被梁啟超、皮錫瑞等人視為清代公羊學的「異議」。
經由本文仔細分析，透過對孔廣森春秋學關鍵論題的掌握，得知孔廣森的治經方法傾向於西漢董仲舒，其所以仰慕鄭玄，志通古學，事實上與不同意何休對《公羊傳》的闡釋有極大關係。本文深入孔廣森公羊論題的核心，剖析他與何休解經路線之同異，發現顨軒之「三科九旨」新論，完全凝練於西漢董仲舒對於《春秋》義法的主張；若因孔廣森在何休科旨舊說之外，另立「三科九旨」新義，而指責他「不明家法，治今文學者不宗之」，那麼，以何休《解詁》為大纛的清代公羊學，在公羊學內部的方法論上（包括董、何之異，鄭、何之辯等議題），就有重新檢視之必要。極度推崇董仲舒「《春秋》無達辭」的孔廣森，並非以突破今文家法為職志，顨軒之所以既治《公羊》又心儀鄭玄，其根本糾結處，是嚮往「通學」的治經態度──稟承漢學家「通經學古」的傳統，致使他追循西漢董仲舒「會通三傳以解《春秋》」，終而回歸《公羊》經學義趨的解經途徑。
本文除了以公羊學內部理論從事釋經途徑之省視，更兼及兩漢章句學風、以及漢代古學在清中葉以後之復甦為考察對象，透過本文之研究，既可真實理解聖人哲裔──孔廣森之公羊學主張，亦能對顨軒在清代公羊學史的地位，有更加持平的看法。

Kong Guang-Sen（孔廣森，1752~1786 A.C.） was a famous scholar in the Qian-Jia period of Ching dynasty. He was not only the disciple of the great scholars—Dai Dong-yan （戴東原） and Zhuang Cun-Yu （莊存與）, especially he was the 68th lineal descendant of Confucius. His literary works majored in Classicism , and “Gong-Yang Tong-Yi ”（公羊通義）was his representative writing.
Mr. Qian Bin-Si （錢賓四） had said that new text Confucianism school in the late Ching dynasty had suggestion in morality according to the “Gong-Yang Jie-Gu”（公羊解詁） written by He Xiu（何休）, but Mr.Qian emphasized that Kong Guang-Sen was specially full of his personal style not like He Xiu. In He Xiu's thoughts, the changing dynasty、the changing vocabulary、and the changing proposition of civilization were the subjects in Ch’un-Ch’iu Studies（春秋學）. But Kong Guang-Sen had different thoughts. According to the saying of great historian Si-Ma Qian（司馬遷） “ The value of Ch’un-Ch’iu , The paragon of morality” , Kong insisted that naturism （天道）、authority （王法）、and humaneness （人情） were the objective of the Ch’un-Ch’iu Studies. As the disciple of Zhuang Cun-Yu , Kong's perspective in Gong-Yang Studies was earlier than the other Gong-Yang scholars in the Qian-Jia period of Ching dynasty. So Pi Xi-Rui （皮錫瑞） admired him for the innovation he made by himself and the influences to late scholars. It's a pity that Kong Guang-Sen died in 35 years old. Up to now , the scholarly researches in Kong's studies focus on Phonology, and Kong's achievement in classicism and contribution towards the morality of Confucianism are still ignored.
Now my research plan to focus on Kong's achievement in classicism and contribution towards the morality of Confucianism. According to the analysis of Source“ Gong-Yang ”, my literary works can settle the disputes about the convergence and divergence of Kong Guang-Sen's and He Xiu's thoughts, and make Kong's studies get right position in the history of Classicism. Furthermore, the results of my works will supply new perspective to the Classicism Research of Ching dynasty. That is, the new text Confucianism “Ch’ang-chou Gong-Yang school” in the late Ching dynasty must be criticized afresh.