《左傳》「郊」考

Study on “Jiao” in Zuo-zhuan

本文以《左傳》、《國語》為文本，討論「郊」及其相關制度，具體論述「郊」之範圍、「郊」設置行政單位「鄉」與「里」、鄭國「郊人」為管理「郊」之職官。此外，本文透過《左傳》、《國語》記載鄖、楚、鄭、宋、衛等國單一方向「郊」上之邑或里，據此計算國都與「郊」上邑里之距離，顯示「郊」之範圍較傳世典籍「百里為郊」更為遼遠。本文亦論述楚國之東北「郊」、鄭國之東「郊」、宋國之西北「郊」與衛國之西南「郊」直線距離，是該方位「野」直線長度之2.4倍、2.3倍、4.06倍及6.63倍，呈現「郊大野小」格局，與典籍說法不合。

The study discusses “Jiao” and its related institutions on the basis of Zuo-zhuan and Kuo-yu and provides a clear description of the scope of “Jiao,” the establishment of the administrative units, “Township” and “Neighborhood,” in “Jiao” and the officials, “Jiao-Ren” of Zheng County, managing “Jiao”. In addition, the study calculates the distance between cities or neighborhoods in “Jiao” and capitals through Zuo-zhuan and Kuo-yu, which record the cities and neighborhoods in linear direction in “Jiao” of “Yun,” “Chu,” “Zheng,” “Song,” and “Wei” Countries and so on. The study proposes that the scope of “Jiao” is larger than “Bai-li-wei-jiao” in ancient books. The study also discusses the linear distance of the northeastern “Jiao” of Chu Country, the eastern “Jiao” of Zheng Country, the northwestern “Jiao” of Song Country and the southwestern “Jiao” of Wei Country, which are, respectively, 2.4 times, 2.3 times, 4.06 times and 6.63 times longer than that of “Ye”, which shows “Jiao” is larger than “Ye” and thus, is not in accordance with the descriptions in ancient books.