復其真朴：向秀《莊子注》心性理論研究

Return to Uncarved Status: Study of Xiang Xiu’s Mind and Nature on Commentary of Zhuangzi

本文根據向秀《莊子注》佚文考察其心性思想，發現其觀點與〈難養生論〉所述有諸多不同，對於智欲之危害、性之真樸與復歸，心之功能與虛靜修養、無心忘境之境界等，皆有所述，並與其迹冥、逍遙之說有所關聯，實有一套豐富深刻的心性理論，應被視為向秀思想之代表作。並且，經由比較，可以看出向秀心性思想與嵇康相近之處，以及從向秀到郭象心性思想繼承發展之軌跡。傳統上，論及竹林、西晉玄學之演變，以及向秀、郭象思想之關係，大多著眼於名教自然觀的翻轉、以及自生獨化說的發展；但經本文分析，可知心性思想其實也是此中思想演變的重要脈絡與內在理路，值得注意。

This thesis examines Xiang Xiu’s concept of mind and nature based on his Commentary of Zhuangzi fragments. Many different perspectives from his Criticizing “On Nourishing Life,” are discovered, including the jeopardy of wisdom, Nature’s returning to the state of the uncarved block, Mind’s quietness and cultivation, and no-mind and the realm of forgeting….; moreover, these perspectives should be considered as a Xiang Xiu’s masterpiece that builds a profound theory related to his ideas of Ji Ming and Xiao Yao. Furthermore, through the method of comparison, the similar places with Ji Kang can be observed, as well as the development pathways of Mind and Nature from Xiang Xiu to Guo Xiang can be traced.
Traditionally when it comes to the development of Zhu Lin, Western Jin Xuan Xue, and the relation between Xiang Xiu and Guo Xiang, most studies have tended to explore the reversal of Zi Ran and Ming Jiao, the further understanding of Tzu Sheng (Spontaneous Generation) and Du Hua (Self Transformation) of creation. Nevertheless, this study indicates that Mind and Nature is also a noteworthy way to interpret the evolution of thoughts in its contexts.