六𠂤與八𠂤的若干問題

Some Problems on Liu-Shi and Ba-Shi

本文針對西周六𠂤與八𠂤的內部問題作一探究，主要可分為下列五個部份：一、名稱定義，二、組成結構，三、指揮權問題，四、與「△𠂤」的關係，五、八𠂤的移防。具體結論有下列五點：一、西六𠂤與殷八𠂤是結合地域及族類兩種條件而命名，至於殷八𠂤、成周八𠂤只是在「隨地易名」情況下的不同稱法，實際上兩者為一。二、殷八𠂤的指揮系統可分為四個層級：第一層級是由周天子派遣的重臣、諸侯擔任，第二層級是由這些重臣、諸侯的下屬擔任，第三及第四層級則是殷八𠂤的師氏及殷人所組成。三、六𠂤、八𠂤的指揮權由周天子掌握，並由周天子派遣重臣出任總指揮官。四、六𠂤、八𠂤實際上是由西周金文中常見的「△𠂤」所組成，六𠂤實際是六個「𠂤」、八𠂤實際是「𠂤」所組成的軍團。五、從周厲王之後，原本駐守殷地的殷八𠂤移防至成周地區：故因而易名為成周八𠂤，並𠂤此常駐於成周而未再回駐殷地，其目的在於抵禦南方淮夷等外族的侵犯。

This paper will investigate the internal problems of Liu-Shi（六𠂤） and Ba-Shi（八𠂤） of Xi Zhou（西周）. It is divided into five parts: 1. denomination and definition; 2. components and structure; 3. the problem of the right to command; 4. the relationships between -Liu-Shi and Ba-Shi as well as ''△ Shi''; 5. the shift for garrison duty of Ba-Shi. The conclusion will be brought out in five points: 1. Xi-Liu-Shi （西六𠂤） and Yin-Ba-Shi （殷八𠂤） are different denomination based on the combination of regions and clans. As for Yin-Ba-Shi and Cheng-Zhou-Ba-Shi, they are distinct names according to the context of “the change of names in reliance of locations, ” while the fact is that they differ in names but not in kind. 2. The chain of command of Yin-Ba-Shi consists of four hierarchies: the first includes major courtiers and vassals dispatched by the Zhou Emperor; the second the subordinates of these major courtiers and vassals; the third and the fourth the Shi-shi （師氏） and the Yin people of Yin-Ba-Shi. 3. The Zhou Emperor holds the right to command Liu-Shi and Ba-Shi and also the right to designate those among the major courtiers to serve as general commanders. 4. Liu-Shi and Ba-Shi are actually formed by those who are often seen in Xi-Zhou-Jin-Wen, ''△ Shi”： Liu-Shi means six Shis while Ba-Shi signifies the army group formed by ''Shi.'' 5. Since Zhou, Li Emperor, the Yin-Ba-Shi originally stationed in Yin shifted to the Cheng-Zhou（成周） area, hence the term Cheng-Zhou-Ba-Shi（成周八𠂤） afterwards. Cheng-Zhou-Ba-Shi never returned to Yin for the rest of their lives. They were responsible for defending against the invasion of foreign tribes such as Huai and Yi in the South.