王安石《三經新義》初探

A Primary Study of the New Meanings of Three Classics of Wang An-shih

經學為儒家重要典籍，儒學為我國顯學，故自漢而下，學者研究如汗牛充棟。若朝廷主持修撰者，代有官書：漢石渠議奏、白虎通義、唐五經正義，多為士林所稱美也。宋神宗熙寧六年，設經議局任命職官，由王安石為提舉，司修撰周禮、詩經、尚書義。書成，天下號曰「三經新義」。「宋神宗熙寧八年，頒定經義，為新法依據，以達「使義理歸一」的目的。王安石為安定政治而變法改革，欲一統思想歧異，而改制科舉、教育。然一代官學，若賦予政治上的意義，恐無法客觀而為後世人所詬病，然「三經新義」影響北宋神宗後七十年，更對宋朝義理之學有所啟發，孔子嘗曰：「雖小道亦有可觀也歟！」如偽《古文尚書》雖經後世考證為偽書，然保存史料有功，誠然，故欲從北宋初當時之時代背景（包含政治、教育及學術等）、三經新義為何、如何修撰、其體製、並比對其解經義與十三經注疏本之異同，藉以探測三經新義在當時之概況及其對後世影響，以明三經新義在經學史上的價值。

The Confucian classics are records of much importance for Confucians and the Teachings of Confucius are the practical learning for our country. Hence, ever since the Han Dynasty, a great number of scholars have been devoted to the study of the Confucian classics. As a result, in every dynasty, the official books were redacted, including the Shih-chu Memorial and White Tiger Classics of the Han Dynasty, the Five Classics of the Tan Dynasty, and so on.
The Emperor Hsi-ning of the Northern Sung Dynasty established the Classical Bureau and nominated Wang An-shih as an official to redact the Book of Rites of the Chou Dynasty, the Book of Poetry, and the Book of Shang, which were later called the New Meanings of Three Classics. The purpose of the redaction was to stabilize the political situations and unite the people's thinking. However, changing the traditional classics subjectively has been denounced by the future generations.
The New Meanings of Three Classics influenced the Northern Sung Dynasty for 70 years and enlightened the future scholars on the study of philosophic principle of the Sung Dynasty. They made meritorious contributions to the preservation of historical books. Therefore, we try to make a research into several issues, such as the background of the Northern Sung Dynasty (including politics, education and learning), the redaction of the New Meanings of Three Classics, their writing styles, distinguishing the difference between the contents of the Book of the Rites of the Chou Dynasty, the Book of Poetry, the Book of Shang, and the New Meanings of Three Classics, so as to know the various conditions in the Northern Sung Dynasty and their influences on the future scholars and their genuine value in the history of the classics.