環境噪音與生活壓力

ENVIRONMENTAL NOISE AND LIFE STRESS

本研究嘗試以結構性的認知角度探討環境噪音與生活壓力的相關。將環境噪音的認知分成噪音量評估、噪音變化覺知、噪音與健康關係的認知等三部部分，編制結構式問卷，進行訪問調查。研究一以大園鄉為調查區域，訪問240位居民，結果發現環境噪音變化的覺知與環境變化的覺知相關顯著，絕對噪音評量與相對噪音評量亦有顯著相關，健康與病的四個變項間亦有顯著相關；然而在這三大類的變項間，達顯著相關的，僅止於環境變化變項與健康與病的變項間。研究二以大高雄區為範圍進行大樣本（n=4475）的問卷調查以及小樣本（n=656）的訪問調查。結果發現噪音源的指認、噪音源強度的互相比較，以及噪音源形成的困擾度互相有關。環境噪音的變化是環境變化的結果，其原因主要是車輛之增加。噪音影響健康的影響程度的認知，與環境變化，與致病因素認知，以及與醫療行為均有顯著相關，唯獨噪音的評估仍與其他變項間的相關不高。這方面尚有待進一步的探討。

The purpose of this study is, from the viewpoint of the organized cognitive structure, to examine the relationship between the recognition of environmental noise and life stress. The cognition of the environmental noise was subdivided into: subjective evaluation of the condition of environmental noise, the recognition of the long term change of environmental noise, and the influences of noise upon health. Structurized questionaire was constructed according to the grouping of the three components. And two series of study were followed. In the first one, 240 residents in a developing rural area were interviewed. The data indicated a significant correlation between the recognition of changes in the environment and that of the long term change of the condition of environmental noise. Within the subjective evaluation, perceived global noise level was significantly correlated with perceived relative noise level, also. And, again, meaningful correlations were found among the four variables concerning health and noise. However, when examine the relationship among the variables across the three groups, significant correlation was found only between recognition of environmental changes and the variables concerning health and noise. In the second study, a metropolitan in southern Taiwan was the target area. A series of survey was held upon 4,475 residents while another series of structurized interview was carried on upon 656 residents. Analysis of the data indicated: firstly, recognition of the sources of environmental noise, the evaluation of the magnitude of each noise source, and the degree of discomfort caused by each noise source were mutually correlated. Secondly, change of the condition of environmental noise was one of the results derived from the changes of the environment. And the change was caused mainly by the increasing amount of vehicles. Thirdly, reeognition of the degree and scope of influences of noise upon health was highly correlated with the recognition of changes in the environment, with the recognition of the _causes of disease, and with the choices of medical behavior. Subjective evaluation the condition of environmental noise was, again, found no significant correlation with the other two groups of variables.