臺灣地區離婚婦女的離婚後調適與諮商效果研究

POSTDIVORCE ADJUSTMENT AND POSTDIVORCE COUNSELING: A STUDY OF COUNSELING EFFECTIVENESS WITH DIVORCED WOMEN IN TAIWAN

本研究之主要目的是希望了解發掘目前臺灣離婚婦女的現況特質及其生活適應狀況，進而探討「人際應對技術訓練」諮商理論技巧對這羣婦女於離婚後生活調適的效用。研究調查對象為臺灣區五萬名「婦女雜誌」訂戶，自願填寫「心理社會離婚後調適問卷」，以分析臺灣地區離婚婦女之社會心理生活特質，共計收回有效問卷五十三份；另就此五十三名中自願參與研究實驗者四十名，分為實驗與控制各一組。每組二十名婦女，進行「人際應對技巧訓練」效果之實驗研究。實驗組婦女進行每週一次三小時之「人際應對技術訓練」團體諮商，共計八週，同時控制組婦女進行自由討論自助式團體，不予任何諮商及干預。研究效果評量以田納西自我觀念量表及離婚後適應量表之結果進行分析，分别於實驗前後各施測一次，並為了解離婚婦女之自我概念與一般婦女是否有差異；田納西自我觀念量表於前後測時，同時施測於二十名已婚自願婦女以資比較。經共變異數分析顯示實驗組婦女於自我概念及離婚後調適兩方面均有顯著改進，控制組婦女因參與同質問題之自助團體亦有所助益，雖未達顯著水準，但其自我概念及離婚後調適均有一些進步。「心理社會離婚後調適問卷」提供許多有關臺灣離婚婦女之個人特質及與其婚姻、離婚過程及目前生活有關之資料。本研究說明了採用教學方式給予臺灣地區離婚婦女諮商之效果，且提供了初步文獻做為將來研究臺灣社會離婚婦女之需要與困擾的進一步研究。

A group of Taiwanese women participated in research designed both to provide a description of a variety of characteristics of divorced women in Taiwan and to examine the effects of counselling on their cnocepts of themselves and their postdivorce adjustment. Fifty-three divorced women provided the descriptive information of the characteristics of this group by completing a Psycho-SociaI Divorce Adjustment Questionnaire. In order to assess the counselling effects, two measures were utilized. The Tennessee Self-Concept Scale was employed to determine self-concept with two groups of 20 divorced women each and one group of 20 married women. The measure to determine postdivorce adjustment, the Postdivorce Adjustment Scale, was used with both groups of divorced women. Counselling using the Interpersonal Coping Skills Program was given to the Treatment group of divorced women while the other group (Control) Of divorced women received no counselling. Pre and post-tests of both measures were used to assess the effects of the counselling. Analyses of covariance yielded information to attest to the fact that significant improvements were made in terms of self-concept and postdivorce adjustment when counselling was provided to the Treatment group. Further, although less dramatic, improvements were found in these areas with the Control group by virtue of their having had some group experience with women in similar situations. The Psycho-Social Divorce Adjustment Questionnaire yielded valuable information regarding a variety of personal characteristics of divorced Taiwanese women as well as providing data pertaining to many aspects of their marriages, the divorce process, and their present lives. The research was successful in demonstrating the effectiveness of a didactic approach to counselling divorced women in Taiwan and further, in serving as a preliminary inspiration for future examination of the problems and needs of the women in this society.