臺灣職業婦女對家庭與職業雙重壓力的反應

THE RESPONSE TO CROSS PRESSURE FROM FAMILY AND CAREER: A SURVEY OF CAREER WOMEN IN TAIWAN

本研究以問卷調查了396位已婚從事白領工作的婦女，探討她們與家人的關係以及如何應付來自家庭和職業的雙重壓力。本文大量應用了開放性的問題，以獲得應答者主觀的反應，試圖以應答者的觀點來看問題。本研究的主要發現如下：1.職業與家庭相互衝突的要求，往往對已婚職業婦女產生困擾，但這種困擾存在着很大的個别差異，每位已婚職業婦女對工作的自我期許也不同。大多數婦女在目前的男權社會中，仍然把家庭的責任放在優先位置，而對職業前途自我限制。2.有一些應答者覺得自己的工作會妨碍家庭，也有不少應答者感到家務不勝負荷。3.面對家庭與職業的雙重壓力，不少婦女希望丈夫能幫助家務，少數應答者對丈夫的大男人主義感到不滿，但更多卻以任勞任怨來面對。4.擁有自己的收入的已婚婦女，在金錢上比較獨立，也可用這份收入來影響自己的家庭關係。

The problem of adjustment to daily pressure from both family and from job is critical to women today. A total of 396 effective questionnaires (and interviews) were collected from married career women in more than 10 various white collar occupations. Open-ended questions were extensively used in this survey to explore the problem fully. The data revealed some important findings: 1. The contradiction between commitments to jobs and family life is always a headache for career women. However, there exists large individual differences among these women in how large the commitment to their jods should be. In most cases, career women would give priority to their family and put self-restraint on their effort to seek career success. It is a result of their submission to the male domination of our society. 2. Some married career women felt that their work would have a negative impact on the work of their husbands. However, for men, having a wife with additional income also has some advantages. In the meantime, career women felt that they also had the right to require their husbands to share their housework. 3. Some career women held strong negative feelings toward ''male chauvinistic'' husbands, others still held the traditional attitude that women are solely responsible for taking care of the housework. 4. Having independent income, sometimes, improves the status of career women in family. Many Of our respondents held their income at their own disposal. The issue of income sharing would be an interesting research topic for husband-wife relations.