大學生的生活壓力和自我強度對心理健康的影響

THE EFFECTS OF STRESSFUL LIFE EVENTS AND EGO STRENGTH ON THE MENTAL HEALTH OF COLLEGE STUDENTS

本研究旨在探討：(1)大學生的生活壓力對心理健康的影響；(2)比較壓力單一因素測量法和多因素混合測量法對心理健康的預測力；(3)比較多因素研究法中，主觀與共評客觀評量法對心理健康的預測力；(4)以問題解決能力、情緒習慣和刺激忍受力為自我強度時，與生活壓力、心理健康的關係如何。而這些自我強度是否為生活壓力和心理健康間之干涉變項。以500名大學男生和581名大學女生，進行研究後，得知：(1)大學生的生活壓力愈大，心理不健康部分會增加，心理健康的部分也隨之減少。(2)研究壓力的諸個向度中預測力最佳的是：影響持續度和不可控制度。(3)評量壓力大小的方法中，多因素混合測量法比單一因素法預測力好，主觀壓力評量法比共評客觀壓力評量法的解釋力高，且主觀壓力評量法中，質的評量法又比量的評量法好。(4)就獨立事件的共評客觀壓力與心理不健康的關係而言，自我強度在同時考慮問題解決能力、情緒習慣和刺激忍受力時，具有顯著的干涉作用。

The present study has four purpose: (1) to study the impact of stressful life events on the mental health of college students; (2) to compare the predicability of single-factor measurement and multiple-factor measurement of mental health; (3) to compare the predicability of subjective and objective methods of mental health evaluation in multiple-factor measurement; (4) to determine, if problem-solving ability, emotional habits and stimulus tolerance combine in ego strength, what the relationships are between ego-strength, stressful life events and mental health, whether ego-strength can be the moderator variable between stressful life events and mental health. I used five hundred men and five hundred and eighty-one women university students as my research sample. The results are as follows: (1) As stressful life events increase for a college student, the student's mental unhealthiness increases and mental health decreases. (2) The best dimensions for predicting stress are the duration of effects and their uncontrollability. (3) In many stress measures, multiple-factor measurement can predict better than single-factor measurement. Subjective methods can interpret more things than objective methods. And, among subjective methods, the gualitative method is better than the quantitative. (4) As for the relationship between objective stress and mental unhealthiness in independent stressful life events, ego-strength (including problem-solving ability, emotional habits and stimulus tolerance) has significant moderator effects.