國中生幽默風格與自尊及情緒智力之相關研究

The Relationships among the Humor Style, Self-Esteem, and Emotional Intelligence of Junior High School Students

研究目的：國中生正面臨高升學壓力、自我統合與角色混淆的關鍵危機。具備什麼能力特徵比較可以成功渡過此一危機？過去研究主要針對自尊與情緒智力的影響來作探討，較少把幽默也一併納入考慮。尤其在Martin等人編製幽默風格量表，區分有益與有害的四類不同幽默之後，究竟它對於承襲儒家文化的台灣地區國中生，其適用情況如何？實在是一個亟待探討的重要課題。本研究主要植基於此一認識作出發，探討四種不同幽默風格、自尊、情緒智力等變項間的相關、以及何種幽默風格對國中生有正面的助益。研究方法：研究採相關法進行問卷調查，使用的工具主要包括「幽默風格」、「自尊」及「情緒智力」等量表。研究對象為北縣國民中學的學生，共發放756份問卷，回收有效問卷計668份。研究結果：（一）正向幽默風格中的「產生聯繫」及「自我提升」分別與自尊及情緒智力有顯著的高度相關；（二）「攻擊型幽默」與自尊無相關，但與情緒智力有顯著的負相關；（三）「自我貶抑型幽默」與自尊僅呈現微弱的負相關，而與情緒智力無相關，此外典型相關顯示其與「情緒調節」以及「情緒內省」等情緒智力有正向關聯存在。研究結論：（一）正向幽默的使用是維繫良好人際關係的方法；在學校教育中，宜應深入瞭解學生使用幽默時的內在想法，並能進一步引導或教導學生以正向方式表達幽默。（二）本研究部分結果不同於Martin等人的研究；本研究發現自我貶抑型幽默風格愈高者，情緒調節能力及情緒反省能力愈好，可能自我貶抑型的幽默在東西方社會可能有其不同的文化意涵。（三）本文最後指出攻擊型幽默成分構念的問題及未來進一步的研究方向。

Purpose: Junior high school students are faced with escalating pressure in pursuing their education while facing a key crisis arising from self-integration and role confusion. This study explores the skills and capabilities that can best equip students to survive such a crisis successfully. Past studies were primarily concerned with the influence of self-esteem and emotional intelligence (EI); few considered humor. We explored the relationships among self-esteem, emotional intelligence, and Martin et al.’s 4 different types of beneficial and detrimental humor to identify which humor styles help junior high school students in a positive way. Methods: Participants for this study were 688 students (359 males and 329 females, age 14-16) from four junior high schools in Taipei County. All participants completed a self-report questionnaire in class, which consisted of humor style, self-esteem, and EI scales. Results: Correlation analysis revealed that (I) affiliative and self-enhancing humor styles, which are considered positive, were highly related to self-esteem and EI, respectively; (II) aggressive humor was not related to self-esteem, but it had a significant negative correlation with EI; (III) self-defeating humor had a small but significant negative association with self-esteem, and was not related to EI. Canonical correlation showed that self-defeating humor was also positively related to EI through emotional adaptation and inner reflection. Conclusions: Positive humor is a good way to maintain healthy interpersonal relationships. Further guidance should be provided to help students learn how to express humor positively. Some findings of this study differed from those of Martin et al. We found that those who used a self-defeating humor style could better adapt to their emotions and reflect on them, which may mean that a self-defeating humor style has different cultural implications in Taiwanese and western societies.