在台外籍勞工之適應困擾探討

本研究旨在探討在台外籍勞工所面臨的生活適應困擾種類，以做為相關單位制定外籍勞工管理辦法之參考。方法學上，以一經專家效度檢驗之「外籍勞工適應困擾及其對心理衛生影響問卷」，對台灣南部三家製造業工廠之所有外籍勞工進行自填式問卷調查。問卷內容涵蓋外籍勞工在台期間所可能遭遇之社會、文化、心理、生理等種種適應困難。受訪者以男性未婚者居多，主要來自菲律賓與泰國，其所面臨之適應困擾有：缺少社會活動之參與、不被社會接納、工作狀況差、目前狀況與來台前期望之落差、性需求不滿足、生活習慣差異及無法結交朋友等情形。其中影響社會活動參與之主要因素有國籍、性別，其中以泰籍及女性，較少有參與社會活動的機會；同時，泰籍之外勞其被社會接納情形也較差，心理期望之落差也較大。相較於女性，男性有較多的性需求困擾。最後方法學、調查研究之發現以及其在外籍勞工管理方法與政策制定上所呈現的意義作進一步討論。

The purpose of this study is to explore adjustment difficulties encountered by foreign workers in Taiwan. By purposive sampling, 320 foreign workers from three petrochemical factories in southern Taiwan were recruited for this self-administered questionnaire survey. Various possible encounter-adjustment difficulties were applied for measures. The results showed that the adjustment difficulties which foreign workers encountered including: 1. lack of social intercourse, 2. social discrimination, 3. poor job conditions, 4. anticipatory discrepancies, 5. unsatisfied sexual desires, 6. cultural differences, and 7. difficulties in making new friends. Newly arrived female workers from Thailand were less likely to have opportunities to participate in social activities. Thai were more likely to encounter difficulties from cultural differences and anticipatory discrepancies. Those who stayed shorter periods were likely to encounter more difficulties from cultural differences and poor job conditions. Males were more likely to have unsatisfied sexual desire than females. Varieties of social and psychological conditions related to the difficulties of adjustment among the foreign laborers in Taiwan. The policy implications are thus discussed.