精神分裂病患者主要照顧家屬的需要及其相關因素

The Need and Associated Factors of Families with Schzophrenic Patients

本研究採立意取樣，自高雄市兩所教學醫院精神科門診選取主要照顧精神分裂病患之家屬為研究對象，共計109位。藉由結構性訪談法，以家屬需要量表與社會支持量表進行會談。所得到的研究結果如下：1.主要照顧家屬需要程度最高的前五項需要項目，依次分別為「知道病人的疾病將來可能恢復到什麼程度」、「將來没有能力照顧病人時，有誰能繼續照顧他」、「知道如何預防病人再發病」、「有人可以討論什麼是精神分裂病及它的原因」與「知道如何處理病人的藥物副作用」。2.主要照顧家屬的需要型態經因素分析，共萃取三個因素，分別命名為「希望獲得疾病及照顧方法相關訊息的需要」、「希望獲得心靈支持及生活協助的需要」與「希望獲得社會性支持的需要」。3.影響主要照顧家屬需要型態的相關因素有：「希望獲得疾病及照顧方法相關訊息的需要」與照顧病人時間長短相關；「希望獲得心靈支持及生活協助的需要」會因主要照顧家屬婚姻狀況與家中有無其他精神分裂病成員而不同，並且與主要照顧家屬年齡和照顧病人時間長短相關；「希望獲得社會性支持的需要」會因擔任照顧者的原因與對病人復原程度的看法而不同，又與病患發病次數、主要照顧家屬接受社會支持的程度和滿意度分別相關。本文亦就上述研究結果進行討論並提出實務性的應用及未來研究之建議。

The present study attempts to investigate the need and associated factors of family members of schizophrenic patients. Using a structured interview, the Need Inventory of Families with Schizophrenic Patients and Social Support Scale, the authors interviewed 109 principal care-givers of such family members. Results show that the leading five needs were to know the possible extent of recovery of patients, to know the possible future substitutes of care giving when in need, to learn how to prevent ·relapse of the illness, to have someone to discuss with them about the nature of schizophrenia, and to learn how to deal with side effects of drugs. Factor analysis has revealed three main factors of needs, i.e., Factor I: the need to obtain information about schizophrenia and methods of caring, which is associated with the length of care; Factor II: the need to obtain psychological support and daily living assistance, which is associated with the age, marital status, and length of care of the principal care-giver; Factor III: the need to obtain social support, which is associated with the frequency of relapse, the level of patients' recovery, and the extent and satisfaction of social support of principal care-givers. Implications of these findings to current psychiatric nursing practice and future research directions are discussed.