台灣華人婚姻中的控制觀

Control Beliefs in Chinese Marriage

研究目的：西方的控制觀理論都是從主客二元對立的世界觀出發，將外在世界與個體視為分離且獨立存在的實體，因此西方的控制思維不是指向外在世界，就是指向個體自身。在傳統中國文化中的天、地、人三才並立的宇宙觀中，人與週遭環境及大自然變動規則之間，存在著類比式的互動關係，形成一套天時、地利、人和三大因素共同促成事情發生的觀點。上述天人類比的宇宙觀，以及神人相通的多神宗教信仰，共同型塑了華人特有的控制思維。本研究的主要目的是驗證研究者所提出的華人控制觀的理論概念，建構一份華人婚姻中的控制觀量表，並考驗該量表之效度及信度。研究方法：根據之前深度訪談的內容，研究者整理出七種華人控制觀類型，編製了「華人婚姻控制觀量表」，並以台灣地區378位已婚成人為樣本，進行施測。研究結果：因素分析的結果初步證明了七個控制類型的存在，且不同性別、年齡及宗教信仰的已婚成人會採用不同的控制觀點去因應婚姻中的問題。研究結論：研究結果支持華人多面向控制觀的特色，研究者並討論理論後續發展的方向。

Purpose: Western control belief theory depends on a holistic view based on dichotomy- control refers either to control of the outside world or the individual self. While in traditional Chinese cosmology, the subject is seen as an inseparable part of nature, which is composed of three concepts: heaven, earth, and person. The interaction between and among the three is understood to be interrelated with analogical effects. This heaven-human analogy and polytheistic religious belief form the basis of Chinese control belief. Based on previous qualitative analysis of in-depth interviews, we classified 7 types of Chinese control belief. This study aims to verify the Chinese control belief framework proposed by the authors. Methods: We constructed the Chinese Marital Control Beliefs Scale and asked 378 married adults (mean age = 41.9) to fill out the scale. Results: Confirmatory factor analysis verified the seven control types. Gender, age, and religious differences in adopting different control beliefs when responding to marital problems were also found. Conclusions: The results support the multidimensionality of Chinese control belief. Future directions for theoretical elaborations are discussed.