台灣青少年異質性憂鬱發展軌跡之性別差異及與違常行為之關係

Heterogeneous Development Trajectories of Depression among Taiwan Youths: Gender Differences and Conduct Disorders

研究目的：本研究宗旨分三層面，首先，研究者利用國內大型縱貫研究資料庫探索青少年早期的憂鬱軌跡以及其類型；其次，分析性別差異與憂鬱軌跡以及與軌跡類型的關係；最後，瞭解不同憂鬱類型對違常行為的影響。研究方法：本研究之四波實徵資料擷取自台灣青少年研究，研究樣本共1975人，男性佔總樣本50.1%。憂鬱情緒的測量工具為SCL-R-90。研究結果：經成長混合模式統計分析後發現，國中生憂鬱軌跡可分三種類型，分別是：國一時憂鬱情緒高漲、國二趨緩、國三再升高的「典型憂鬱」，國一憂鬱情緒平緩、國二升高、國三維持高分的「累積憂鬱」，與國一至國三都維持低憂鬱分數的「穩定情緒」。「典型憂鬱」型的男生憂鬱變化起伏較女性劇烈，而穩定情緒型女性的國一憂鬱分數則顯著較男性高。「累積憂鬱」型學生的違常行為發生率遠高於其他二類型，屬於高危險群。研究結論：首先，國中時期之憂鬱軌跡確實存在多種異質性類型；其次，不同憂鬱發展類型存在不同的性別差異效果；最後，國中憂鬱類型與高一違常行為存在顯著關聯性。

Purpose: The aim of this study is three-fold: first, to capture the overall development trajectory of early adolescent depression as well as the latent heterogeneity among development trajectories; second, to analyze gender differences in the depression trajectory; and last, to investigate relationships between types of depression and the odds of a conduct disorder a year later. Methods: Empirical data were retrieved from the Taiwan Youth Project, with a valid sample of 1,975 subjects (50.1% are boys). Depression was measured by the SCL-R-90. Results: Results from the growth mixture modeling showed that depression trajectories can be classified three ways, namely: “typical depression” with a high-lowhigh trajectory, “cumulative depression” with a low-high-high pattern, and “emotionally stable” with low scores across the 3 years of the study. “Typical depression” boys demonstrated more dramatic fluctuations than their counterparts, and “emotionally stable” girls demonstrated higher initial depression scores than boys. Conclusions: “Cumulative depression” adolescents are at a much higher risk for conduct disorders than those with “typical depression” or those who are “emotionally stable”.