靈性健康促進之策略觀點

A Strategy for Enhancing Spiritual Health

研究目的：靈性健康是全人健康的重要組成，許多研究發現靈性健康與促進正向健康結果與減緩負向健康結果有關。然而靈性健康實驗介入性研究較為罕見，故本文目的為回顧靈性健康相關文獻，提出提升靈性健康的方法與策略，成為有心從事促進靈性健康研究者，規劃靈性健康促進方案之指引。研究方法：以文獻回顧方式歸納整理靈性相關研究，提出促進靈性健康可行的策略與方法。研究結果：以5Ws提出規劃靈性健康促進方案之建議，依序為：（1）靈性學習方案內容（What），應著重於「增加靈性覺醒」與「學習促進靈性健康的方法」。（2）靈性引導者（Who），必須具備自我省視、溝通、人際關係建立、給予希望等能力，利用支持態度及提問方式引導學習者探索自己人生終極關懷，協助他們建構個人生命的價值。（3）靈性健康學習者（Whom），必須依據個別需求，考慮不同發展階段之靈性需求。（4）時機（When），從預期性與非預期性壓力事件，掌握時機協助個案以意義化過程處理壓力。（5）實施與評價方式（How），活用各種靈性介入策略引發個案靈性探索及有效學習靈性因應策略。在實驗介入成效評價則建議使用信效度皆佳的靈性健康評估量表，了解實驗介入對靈性健康的直接影響；若欲探討實驗介入對相關健康問題之改善成效，建議將心理社會或生理等健康變項作為成效評價之指標。研究結論：本文藉著5Ws提出研擬靈性健康促進計畫之建議，盼達拋磚引玉之效，希冀更多研究者投入提升靈性健康介入性實徵研究之列。

Purpose: Spiritual health is a vital component of holistic health. Numerous studies have demonstrated an association between spiritual health and the consequences of positive health promotion and negative health moderation. However, few studies have examined the assumptions underlying spiritual health enhancement. The purpose of this study is to analyze the literature on spiritual health-enhancement strategies and to propose a model for spiritual health promotion program design. Methods: The literature on spiritual health was reviewed and feasible spiritual health enhancement strategies were analyzed. Results: Through our review we found that we were able to apply the “5 W’s”, a schema common in the disciplines of epidemiology and public health, to the design spiritual health-promoting programs: (1) What: The content should focus on enhancing spiritual self-awareness and methods of spiritual health promotion. (2) Who: The mentor should have the ability to self-reflect, communicate, build relationships with, and inspire others. Using a series of questions with a supportive attitude enables the exploration of one’s ultimate concern and the construction of life values. (3) For Whom: Individual demands of participants need to be considered according to their faith development stage. (4) When: The timing of stressful events can assist individuals in dealing with their stress through a meaningful process. (5) How: Spiritual health enhancement strategies should be applied with flexibility so that individuals are able to explore their own spirituality and learn more effective spiritual coping methods. We recommend that experimental interventions be evaluated with the spiritual health scale (because of its high reliability and validity) to assess their direct impact. We also found that variables such as psychosocial and physical health should be used as evaluation indices to evaluate intervention outcomes for health improvement; they can also be applied to examine the effect of experimental intervention. Conclusions: Health professionals should consider the “5W’s” when designing spiritual health promoting programs.