臺灣網路霸凌被害經驗之多元性與影響因素

The Poly-Victimization and Influencing Factors of Cyberbullying in Taiwan

研究目的：探討臺灣成人網路霸凌被害經驗，尤其「重複被害」與「多元被害」。以自我控制理論與日常活動理論結合網路成癮，分析網路霸凌被害影響因素，試擬預防對策。研究方法：採網路與實體問卷調查，有效樣本數2,153人（男性占45.3%，女性占54.7%）。研究結果：1.網路霸凌被害普遍存在，最常見言語攻擊、散布謠言和言語恐嚇。2.約一半被害者經歷兩種以上網路霸凌，顯示其多元性和複雜性。3.人口特徵、自我控制、網路成癮、情境機會與網路霸凌被害經驗呈顯著相關；而網路成癮扮演中介角色，情境機會係關鍵影響因子。研究結論：1.建構本土化網路霸凌被害理論模型，強調自我控制、網路成癮和情境機會的重要性。2.提供預防網路霸凌被害參考，如培育個人自我控制能力、促進健康網路使用習慣等。3.鼓勵家長和教師關注兒少網路使用，提供適當指導監督。而社群平台業者應負社會責任，對網路霸凌之風險情境加強管理。

Purpose: Our goal was to explore Taiwanese adults’ experiences of being cyberbullied in order to construct a localized theoretical predictive model of cyberbullying victimization. We focused on the phenomena of repeated victimization and poly-victimization, and included self-control theory, routine activities theory, and behaviors such as Internet addiction to develop our model. Methods: We generated items based on established scales and prior research on cyberbullying, and then used online and offline questionnaires to collect a valid sample of 2,153 participants (45.3% male). Data analysis included descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, and structural equation modeling (SEM) to test the proposed
theoretical model and the mediating role of Internet addiction. Results: Cyberbullying is widespread: 23.78% of the respondents said they had been victims of cyberbullying, with verbal attacks, spreading rumors, and verbal threats being the most common. About half of the victims had experienced 2 or more forms of cyberbullying, which indicates that cyberbullying victims are diverse and complex. We identified a 4-factor predictive model of cyberbullying victimization in which demographic characteristics, self-control, Internet addiction, and situational opportunities were all significantly correlated with the experience of cyberbullying victimization, and Internet addiction played a mediating role. Situational opportunities were the key factor affecting cyberbullying victimization. Conclusions: Our model highlights 3 tools for preventing adult cyberbullying victimization: 1) strengthening personal self-control, promoting healthy Internet usage habits, and enhancing Internet safety awareness; 2) encouraging parents and teachers to pay attention to teenagers’ Internet usage behavior and to provide appropriate guidance and supervision so that teenagers do not grow into adults who become victimized; and 3) ensuring social media platform managers are socially responsible and that they strengthen management of risky situations that may lead to cyberbullying.