療癒型環境理論評介

解釋環境對人類之治癒性影響力上，有兩大主要理論，一為Kaplan夫婦所發展之功能演進理論，另一為Ulrich所發展之心理演進理論。兩派理論均假設：(1)在療癒型環境中，治療之效果與壓力之減少有所關連；(2)接觸自然風景之益處包含了相當多樣之正面反應，如偏好感（preference），或感覺幸福以及健康之反應。兩派理論均採進化觀點（evolutionary perspective），彼此之間有所異同。本文將針對此兩大理論以及其異同之處作一簡介，並提出結合兩者理論之架構。

There are two major theories explaining the healing influences of environments on human beings. One is developed by the Kaplans and the other is developed by Ulrich. Both of them hypothesize that restorative environments are settings where recovery is associated with reduction of stress and that the benefits of contact with landscapes include a wide range of positive responses, such as preference, and/or reactions related to functioning and well-being. Both theories based on an evolutionary perspective share some similarities and differences. This article provides a summary of these two theories of restorative environments, their common and differing points, and a framework of integrating both the Kaplan and Ulrich's theories.