情緒自主、依附型態與自殺危險性的關係

The Relations between Emotional Autonomy and Styles of Attachment and the Risk of Suicide

本研究旨在了解情緒自主與依附型態對自殺危險性的影響。本研究認為如果情緒自主在安全依附型態裡有助於青少年的適應，則可預測情緒自主高且具安全依附型態的青少年有較低的自殺危險性；如果情緒自主在不利的依附型態具有保護作用時，本研究預測具有焦慮或避免的依附型態之青少年，他的情緒自主愈高，愈會降低其自殺危險性。本研究從文化的觀點預測，當台灣的青少年處於不安全的依附型態且又強調情緒自主時，會有適應不好的現象且會提高自殺危險性。本研究以1,726位國中生及1,764位高中生為有效樣本，並讓這些受試填寫「情緒自主量表」、「依附型態量表」、「生活狀況量表」、「因應量表」、「無望感量表」及「自殺危險程度量表」。結果顯示當學生具有不安全的依附型態，而且在情緒自主量表得分愈高時，其生活困境愈多，因應資源愈少，無望感愈大，且自殺危險性愈高。在女學生中，如果具有安全依附型態且情緒自主低，則其適應狀況是最好的；但是在男學生中，此類學生的適應狀況並未顯著地為最佳組別。此種研究結果與Ryan與Lynch(1989)的看法是相近的，亦即情緒自主量表測的是「分離」的概念，因此對適應有負向的影響。另外，本研究發現台灣的青少年對於家庭關係的維繫遠勝過於獨立自主的追求。

The object of this research is to figure out how emotional autonomy and styles of attachment influence the risk of suicide. The research shows, that if emotional autonomy is beneficial for the adjustments of adolescents with secure attachment, we can predict they have less risk of suicide. On the other hand, adolescents with insecure attachment and higher emotional autonomy can resist stresses; therefore, the higher emotional autonomy, the fewer risks of suicide. From the cultural perspective, the research predicts Chinese adolescents have insecure attachment and emphasize emotional autonomy; thus they have bad adaptation and higher risks of suicide. The sample included 1,726 and 1,764 students in junior and senior high schools, respectively. They were asked to complete the 'Emotional Autonomy Scale', the 'Styles of Attachment Scale', the 'Living Conditions Scale', the 'Hopelessness Scale', the 'Coping Scale', and the 'Risk of Suicide Scale'. The results demonstrate that the more scores students get in the 'Emotional Autonomy Scale', the more living pressures, hopelessness, and risk of suicide, and the less resources they have. Amid girl students who have secure attachment and low emotional autonomy have made better adjustments, although this does not show in boy students. The results are similar to that of Ryan and Lynch (1989). On the other hand, the Emotional Autonomy Scale measures the concept of 'detachment', so emotional autonomy has negative relations with adjustment. The result also demonstrates Chinese adolescents emphasize family ties more than emotional autonomy.