以「非我」為引探究受苦經驗與療癒實踐行動：從現象學取徑

Non-Self as an Entry Point for Enquiry into the Lived Experiences of Suffering and the Practice of Healing: A Lesson from Phenomenology

研究目的：本研究主要在探討人類共通之受苦經驗，從疾病的科學化與醫療化的發展，以存在哲學與現象學對受苦經驗的本體性探問與對於臨床現場認識論的衝突形成反思性思辨的論述。此外，從Levinas與余德慧的本體論點及本土心理學的研究尋找受苦經驗的臨床方法論述。研究方法：以Levinas所開展的現象學基礎取逕，從人文臨床療癒與本土心理學的現有論述中形成因應遭逢受苦經驗的方法論，以形成對應於現有醫療模式的理解、探問與因應方向。研究結果：本研究認為，受苦經驗所開啟的並非對於疾病的認識，而是對於受苦之人經驗之理解與承接。從臨床現場疾病與受苦的認識歧異以及耙梳本土心理學研究與人文哲學的對話，本研究形成異於傳統的醫療處預形式，形成受苦狀態中，他者所召喚的原初倫理示現途徑。研究結論：本研究形成三階段式的返身論述，將受苦經驗與疾病經驗形成人我倫理的本體論點，而論述方法論在於將受苦現場的存在經驗回歸到人我關係的倫理本質，並從疾病的視角中返身至人我遭逢。

Purpose: We investigated the experience of suffering as a medical concept by redefining the term and reviewing current academic approaches to disease and suffering. Methods: We applied a phenomenological discovery approach to address a methodological concern different from the current medical model of clinical intervention. From literature review and personal reflections, we theorized enquiry into the lived experiences of suffering. Results: We argue that the lived experience of suffering uncovers not only an epistemological understanding of one’s disease, but the entry point of ‘Non-self’, in which ‘Self’ is the destination for manifesting one's ontological self-other ethics. Treatment and clinical intervention needs to address the core ontological concern of the lived experience of suffering in order to transition from a medical perspective of knowledge about one's disease to a humane position acknowledging suffering. We conclude by presenting a phenomenological model of ethical connection. Conclusion: We conclude with 3 stages of reflexive concern in which the lived experiences of suffering open a route for a clinical practitioner de-constructing ‘Self’ and re-constructing the ontological ethics with ‘Other’. We suggest that a clinical practitioners encompass not only an understanding of the experience of a disease, but also acknowledgement of suffering, by his/her every face-to-face encounter with patients or clients.