一種死亡，多種面貌？三位無差別殺人案件倖存者的「了結」過程

A Death with Multiple Faces? The Cognitive Closure Process in Three Survivors of Indiscriminate Killings

研究目的：以無差別殺人死亡事件中的被害人或其家屬的對象，歸納此類似高度不明確性犯罪事件本質、「了結」的個體認知需求及導致死亡重大事件之差異，試圖提出一個探索性的分析框架，瞭解倖存者如何「走出」事件，返回社會生活。研究方法：訪談無差別殺人死亡案件中的三位倖存者，取得口述訪談內容，進行分析。研究結果：本文分析發現無差別殺人死亡事件中的倖存者通常以明確化事件之人時空性作為「了結」本次事件的認知根據，但又因為此類死亡屬於公共事件，其解答屬於一種「開放的腳本」，除倖存者外，也與司法、媒體、官方與其他人共著，後者成為倖存者「了結」本次事件的障礙。研究結論：無差別殺人死亡事件倖存者的了結認知歷程以去除不明確性為主，但因死亡被公共化，常超越個體可以控制的解釋範圍，真相的了結具有浮動性。

Purpose: Uncertainty around the time, location, motive, intent, and victim involvement in indiscriminate killing make cognitive closure problematic for survivors. In addition, cases of indiscriminate killing are usually high-profile and subject to a lot of media coverage and official governmental statements as well as a lengthy, complex legal trial. Method: We conducted a narrative analysis of transcripts of interviews with 1 male and 2 female survivors (aged around 50, 40, and 15) of different high profile indiscriminate killings in Taiwan. Results: Our analysis indicated that survivors achieved closure on the events in a number of ways: (1) by clarifying the certainty of the crime, victim, and offender; (2) by healing personal/family trauma and death that had been publicized; and (3) by regaining personal power through control over the explanation of their experience as a victim. Obstacles to closure came from the uncertainty surrounding punishment of the offender generated by the legal process, media reporting, and official statements on the case by government officials and others. Conclusion: Beyond dealing with their own personal interpretation, legal and public versions of the event made closure more complicated for survivors. Our findings indicate the need for greater attention to these external circumstances in order to understand the cognitive closure needs of the survivors of indiscriminate killing events.