正念傾向對因應與情緒調節彈性之影響

The Effect of Mindfulness on Coping and Emotion Regulation Flexibility

研究目的：本研究探討正念傾向與心理彈性的關聯，主要是檢視高正念者在不同情境下會有較佳因應策略與情緒調節策略，進而有較佳的情境適配表現。正念係指活在當下、少卻我執；而心理彈性在近期正向心理學則聚焦於因應和情緒調節彈性，其中，因應彈性強調個體在面對可控制壓力情境時應配合問題導向策略，而面對不可控制壓力情境則搭配情緒導向策略。情緒調節策略彈性則認為個體在面對高張力負向情緒刺激時，宜採取分心策略以減緩直接的衝擊，而在面對低張力負向情緒刺激時，則宜採取認知再評估策略以處理該情緒，係研究一探討不同正念傾向的個體在因應彈性作業的表現。研究二探討不同正念傾向的個體在情緒調節策略選擇作業上的表現。研究方法：研究一（n=117，於2012年4月至6月蒐集）測量正念傾向以及因應彈性作業。研究二（n=113，於2012年10月至12月蒐集）測量正念傾向與情緒調節策略選擇作業。研究結果：高正念傾向的個體有較佳的因應彈性以及較適切之情緒調節策略選擇彈性。此外，低正念個體在研究一與二均有策略誤用之傾向。研究結論：正念與心理彈性有正相關聯，並在正念與心理彈性進行理論整合之分析。

Purpose: This study investigates the relation of mindfulness to psychological flexibility. Mindfulness indicates living in the present without judgment. Psychological flexibility focuses on coping and emotion-regulation flexibility. Coping flexibility indicates the degree to which individuals are able to apply a problem-focused coping strategy in a controllable stressful situation, and an emotion-focused coping strategy in an uncontrollable stressful situation. Emotion regulation flexibility indicates the degree to which individuals can apply a distraction emotion-regulation strategy in facing a highly intensive negative emotional stimulus, and a reappraisal emotion-regulation strategy in facing a negative emotional stimulus of low intensity. Methods: In Study 1, 117 participants (mean age = 20.47 years, 57% female; recruited from 2012 April to June) completed a measure of mindfulness and coping flexibility tasks. In Study 2, 113 participants (mean age = 19.76 years, 43% female; recruited from 2012 October to December) completed a measure of mindfulness and emotion-regulation flexibility tasks. Results: The results revealed that high mindful individuals demonstrated better coping flexibility (Study 1) and emotionregulation flexibility (Study 2). Low mindful individuals had an inconsistent profile both in use of coping strategies (Study 1) and emotion-regulation strategies (Study 2). Conclusions: Mindfulness is essential for psychological flexibility, and our studies demonstrated that high mindful individuals are better than low mindful individual on both coping and emotion regulation flexibility.