寬恕為大學生分手事件的評估和創傷相關症狀之中介因子

Forgiveness as a Mediator of Breakup Appraisal and Post-Traumatic Stress-like Symptoms among Young Adults

研究目的：戀愛關係提供了大學生學習和探索的機會以建立親密關係，但對於大學生來說，結束一段戀愛關係卻可能造成極大的壓力，甚至使得提升創傷後壓力症候群相關症狀的脆弱性因子。本研究主要檢驗在分手事件後，寬恕是否為自我評估（受到傷害或感到憤怒）和創傷後壓力症候群相關症狀（壓力、逃避與入侵）的中介因子。研究方法：研究時間從2012年1月開始至2012年8月結束。受試者共包含175位大學生，其中包括男性53名，女性122名。每位受試者至少都有一次戀愛關係的分手經驗，並在填寫量表前有五分鐘的時間回想並寫下與分手事件有關的回憶，之後開始填寫寬恕量表、事件衝擊量表、以及負向情緒之自我評估表。本研究之資料使用SPSS版本20.0分析數據，以進行相關分析、平均數變異數分析、以及中介分析。研究結果：本研究發現自評受到傷害以及自評感到憤怒皆與壓力（distress）有正相關，且被分手者會比主動提出分手者自評經驗到更多傷害和憤怒情緒。此外，寬恕分別部分中介自評受到傷害與壓力、逃避症狀及侵入症狀的關係。寬恕亦分別完全中介自評感到憤怒與壓力、逃避症狀及侵入症狀的關係。研究結論：本研究不但說明青少年面對戀愛關係結束時的困難，同時也說明了寬恕能夠成為面對分手困境時的重要元素。

Purpose: Romantic relationships provide opportunities for adolescents to explore ways to build intimacy. Experiencing romantic breakups can be a stressful life event that increases vulnerability to post-traumatic stress-like symptoms. In this study we examined the mediating role of forgiveness between self-appraisal (perceived harm and anger) and PTSDlike symptoms after breakups. Method: The study began from January 2012 to August 2012, and we administered questionnaires to 175 college students (122 females and 55 males) who had had at least one breakup experience. Participants were given 5 minutes to recall and write down their last breakup experience, and then they completed the Forgiveness Scale, the Impact of Event Scale, and the Negative Emotion Appraisals Questionnaire. Data were analyzed using SPSS to perform correlation, ANOVA, and mediation analyses. Results: The analyses showed that perceived harm and anger were positively associated with distress. People who were rejected experienced more harm and anger than people who initiated the breakup. Forgiveness partially mediated the relationship among perceived harm and distress, avoidance, and intrusion. Forgiveness also fully mediated the relationships between anger and distress, anger and avoidance, and anger and intrusion. Conclusion: The results illustrate the impact of romantic relationship dissolution on young adults, and suggest that forgiveness can be used as an effective tool to regulate distress.