台北市肢體殘障者之心理衛生狀態

THE MENTAL STATUS OF PHYSICAL DISABLES IN TAIPEI

本文包含兩個目的，第一個是報吿台北市肢殘者的人口統計資料及其心理狀態；第二個目的是比較心理健康的互動說及加成說，這兩種心理健康之模式均有許多研究發現支持，但是一直都沒有直接比較過這兩種模式的適用性。本研究收集了台北市900個肢體殘障者的心理健康資料。結果發現70%的受訪者在20~30歲之間；其教育程度有64%為中學；89%未婚；85%與家人同住；有64%的受訪者年收入在美金2500元以下；78%的受訪者致殘原因是小兒麻痺；致殘年齡有76%是在6歲以下；大多數已殘障20年以上；同時其工作意願與就業之差距相當大（3.2：1），是值得注意之處。作者進一步分析了樣本中具備較完整資料的488個個案的心理衛生狀態；肢殘者的身心症狀多於台大新生的假設並未得到支持，同時肢殘者在自我接受、家庭及社會關係量尺上的平均得分不低於該量尺之中點，這表示其心理衛生狀態應不差。兩種心理健康模式比較的結果，顯示在本樣本中加成模式比互動模式更佳。

There are two main purposes in this article, the first is to show the general demographic and mental health statistics of this study;the second is to compare the fitness of the interactive medel and the additive model of mental health, both were supported by many other findings, but with no direct fitness comparison, so far, has been done. The mental health deta of 900 physical disables in Taipei Metropolitan area were collected. It is found that 70% of them were in their twenties; 64% were high school educated; 89% were single;85% lived with their families and the average income of64% of them were less than $ 2500 U. S. dollars per year;78% of them were handicapped by the infection of poliomielitis,76% disable conditions happened before age 6,and most of them had had it more than twenty years. Also, there is a large discrepancy between work willingness and being inaugurated (3.2:1 respectively). 488 cases out of the whole sample, which with complete data set, were further analyzed for detail mental health status.descriptions in this study. There is no evidence to suport that the disables in this study have more psychosomatic problems than other qroup. And, it is found that the average locations on the self acceptance, family and social relatioship scales were not lower than midpoints of the scales which supports the position that the physical disables do not necessary have poor mental health status. The comparison of the fitness of two mental health models shows that the additive model fit better than the interactive model in our sample.