社會支持之主動期望觀點——不孕男女患者為例之探討

本研究旨在探討不孕患者「期望與獲得」社會支持的差異（主動期望觀點）及「提供與獲得」社會支持的差異（交易觀點）等兩種觀點與患者婚姻滿意度之間的關係。研究以不孕症女性134名及不孕症男性92名等兩個獨立的樣本為對象。重要結果為：1.女性之「年齡」與「治療經驗」及男性之「治療」與「獨子」與其婚姻滿意有關；2.女性在「期望與獲得情緒支持」的差異，而男性則以「期望與獲得工具支持」的差異與婚姻滿意之關連最高；3.社會支持差異分數的絕對值愈大，則其婚姻滿意愈低；4.不論是階層迴歸、直線相關與非線性相關分析的結果都傾向於支持「主動期望觀點」，說明期望與獲得的落差比提供與獲得的落差更能有效的預測研究對象的婚姻滿意情形。

The purpose of the study was to compare the social support ''expectation'' perspective with the ''transaction'' perspective among male and female infertile outpatients. Two independent samples, one male and one female, of infertile patients were recruited based on informed consent. With the 7 items measuring emotional, instrumental, and informational support, 3 dimensions (i.e. expected, provided, and received) of support were categorized and clearly specified to the research participants. The study results supported the ''expectation'' perspective. Specifically, females' expected/received discrepancy on emotional support; and males' expected/received discrepancy on instrumental support were found to be the most significant predictors of marital satisfaction. In addition, results from hierarchical regression, both linear and non-linear correlation analyses, supported the expectation perspective. The incorporation of this ''expectation'' perspective into the dyadic transactional analysis of social support exchange in future studies was discussed.