主管工作壓力的族群差異：個人背景、工作與職業因素

本文探討因個人背景因素，工作背景因素及職業因素而呈現出的工作壓力感受之特異性。共調查了347位主管，結果顯示：（1）男性主管在心理健康的「心理平靜」面向上遜於女性主管，其在「上司賞識」這一面向上的壓力感受也高於女性主管；（2）年長主管的工作滿意及身、心健康均較年輕主管為佳，且發展趨勢呈階梯狀；（3）資深主管雖較資淺主管感受到較高的「個人責任」壓力，身、心健康卻較佳；（4）高階主管較中、低階主管的工作滿意度高；（5）不同職業的主管在工作滿意度上存有差異，尤其是社會服務業的主管在「組織滿意」上高於製造業的主管。上述的性別、年齡、年資和職位的差異在單一職業內依然存在。

The goal of the present study was to explore work stress specificity in terms of personal demographics and occupational factors, using 347 business managers as subjects. Results show that: 1) male managers scored lower than female managers in measures of ''calmness'' (sometimes referred to as the ''well-being'' dimension), but male managers also perceived themselves as suffering from higher levels of ''recognition'' stress; 2) older managers reported higher levels of job satisfaction and physical and mental health compared to younger managers; 3) senior managers perceived higher levels of ''personal responsibility stress'' compared to their junior counterparts, but still reported having better physical and mental health; 4) reported job satisfaction increased with rank; and 5)significant differences in job satisfaction were noted among managers in different occupations － for example, social service managers enjoy greater ''organization satisfaction'' than managers in manufacturing. Gender, age seniority, and rank differences were replicated within a single occupation.