精神科社工人員臨床團體工作實務現況與能力研究

Psychiatric Social Workers’ Practice of and Competency in Clinical Group Work

研究目的：本研究旨在調查精神科社工人員臨床團體工作的實務現況，並了解其對於團體工作能力的自我評價，以及針對團體工作之在職教育訓練提出建議。研究方法：本研究採取網路問卷、個別訪談及焦點團體等方式蒐集資料。資料分析方面，問卷除以描述統計說明重要資訊外，也採取t檢定和Pearson積差相關分析受訪者背景與團體工作能力的關係；質性訪談與焦點團體皆以主題分析法尋找與歸納訪談重點。研究結果：86.5%的精神科社工人員在過去一年曾經從事團體工作，並對於團體工作能力大致有信心，但亦有六成的問卷填答者認為自己所接受的團體訓練時數並不足夠。針對在職教育訓練，受訪者強調多元學習管道、實作與督導的重要性。研究結論：根據研究結果，本研究提出以下三點實務建議：1.持續推動團體心理治療之應用；2.培養精神科社工人員臨床團體工作能力與自信；3.建立跨醫院之臨床團體工作督導與訓練社群。

Purpose: We investigated psychiatric social workers’ practice of clinical group work in order to understand their assessment of their own group work competency, and to identify methods of on-the-job group work training. Methods: We collected data in 2017 using an online survey, individual qualitative interviews, and focus groups. We used a published inventory for the survey to understand their practice of group work and their subjective self-assessment of group work competency. Qualitative data derived from 13 qualitative interviews and 2 focus groups included individual psychiatric social workers’ personal experiences and opinions in relation to group work practice and training. Analysis consisted of t-tests and Pearson correlations, as well as thematic analysis to summarize key points in the qualitative data. Results: A total of 74 psychiatric social workers participated in the online survey; 86.5% of them had been involved in group work practice, which they conducted on average 3.8 times a year. According to the survey, they were generally confident in their group work competency, particularly, those with a master’s degree or with greater experience in group work practice. They had received an average of 16.5 hours of group work training in the previous year (SD = 27.5 hours). Over 60% of respondents indicated that they had received insufficient group work training. Interviewees emphasized the importance of various ways of learning with regard to on-the-job education and training, including both practical experience and supervision. Focus groups participants indicated that practice experience and the type of group work may influence their level of confidence in their own group competency. Conclusions: We offer 3 suggestions based on our results: continue to promote the application of group psychotherapy for the benefit of mental health service users, cultivate psychiatric social workers’ competency and confidence in clinical group work through practice and training, and establish a cross-hospital clinical teamwork supervision and training community to improve the availability of on-the-job training for individual psychiatric social workers with insufficient support and resources.