從「社工」到「督導」：新手社工督導角色轉換之研究——以婚暴防治為例

The Study of Role Transition of Novice Social Work Supervisors in Marital Violence Treatment

研究目的：由於督導對社會工作專業具有政策、實務和教育上的重要性，為了關心婚暴實務場域裡新手督導的適應概況，本文的目的在瞭解「成為督導」的過程中，新手社工督導角色轉換的原因和轉換困境。研究方法：為達到上述目的，研究者運用質化研究理解和探索的特性，以個別訪談法收集12位來自婚暴防治機構、督導年資在兩年以內的新手社工督導的意見。研究結果：多數的受訪督導並不清楚機構為何挑選其「成為督導」，然其認為年資較深，是其「成為督導」的主因。接任督導工作的當時，他們普遍認為自己準備不足、擔心沒有能力執行督導工作；並發現在「成為督導」的轉換過程中，新手督導面臨了「關係」、「角色」及「功能」等三類、13項困境，其中屬於行政功能上的困境最多，「對上負責vs.對下協助」之角色衝突的困境最普遍。研究結論：本文資料呈現了婚暴防治新手社工督導的角色轉換原因和轉換困境，由於勝任的督導無法自然形成，研究者因此建議督導制度的建立、對新手督導的照顧工作和社工專業人才的養成計畫迫在眉睫。

Purpose: This study explores the barriers that novice social work supervisors face during the process of role transition from social worker to supervisor in the field of marital violence. Supervision has political, practical, and educational importance for the professional development of social workers. Methods: Phenomenology, which includes understanding and exploring, was applied for data analysis. A total of 12 novice social work supervisors from marital violence prevention organizations in Taiwan with at least two years’ full-time employment experience were individually interviewed. Results: Most participants did not know how they had been selected to become a supervisor, but expressed that being senior in their field may be the reason. They felt a lack of readiness and worried about incompetence in supervising when they accept the job. During the process of role transition from social worker to supervisors, all of the participants faced barriers that could be classified into the 3 categories of roles, functions, and relationships, as well as 16 issues. The administrative function entailed the most obstacles. “Being responsible as a manager vs. assisting social workers” was the most common role conflict. Conclusions: Novice supervisors faced barriers during the process of role transition from social worker to supervisor in marital violence treatment. Establishing supervision rules, monitoring novice supervisors, as well as professional social work training programs are urgently needed as becoming a good supervisor does not happen naturally.