完形懷舊團體對老人未竟事務與自我統整之諮商效果

The Effect of Participation in a Gestalt Reminiscence Group on the Elderly’s Unfinished Business and Self Integrity

研究目的：探討完形懷舊團體對老人未竟事務與自我統整之諮商效果。研究方法：本研究於2013年11月至2014年4月，以高雄市16名65歲以上老人為研究對象，採準實驗研究法之等組前後測、追蹤測（實驗結束後四週）設計。實驗組接受每週3小時，共8週之完形懷舊團體；控制組於追蹤測後依其意願轉介個別晤談。研究者以「未竟事務解決」與「自我統整」量表為研究工具，並以單因子共變數分析進行統計考驗；另於團體結束後針對實驗組進行30-60分鐘的半結構式個別訪談，以深入探討實驗處理之諮商效果。研究結果：完形懷舊團體對老人1.於未竟事務之解決具立即與追蹤諮商效果，於自我統整無立即但具追蹤諮商效果。2.質性分析顯示老人於未竟事務的解決包括「逐漸或開始接觸情緒」、「促進覺察」、「放下未滿足的需求和情緒」、「更充分地活在當下」等；於自我統整的改變則展現在更為「開放的態度」、「定位自我」、「計畫未來」等面向。研究結論：以懷舊為主並結合深入生命探索的完形取向團體，基本上是有助於非機構老人的心理健康。該模式值得進一步應用於各族群的老人，並加以驗證成效的普及性。

Purpose: This study explored the effects of participation in a gestalt reminiscence group on the elderly’s unfinished business and self-integrity. Methods: Sixteen participants over 65 years old and not housed in an institute participated in this quasi-experimental study from November 2013 to April 2014. The experimental group, eight participants, joined a gestalt reminiscence group for 8 weeks, 3 hours per session. The control group was referred to individual counseling after the follow-up test, as their wishes. Both groups completed the unfinished business resolution scale and the self-integrity scale before and after the experiment. A follow-up test was conducted 4 weeks later. The researchers also conducted one-on-one semi-structured interviews after the group, lasting 30 to 60 minutes, with the experimental group to further explore their group experience. Results: The gestalt reminiscence group’s pre-test scores on the unfinished business measure were significantly different both immediately after conclusion of the group sessions as well as 4 weeks later. Participants’ self- integrity scores were also significantly different on the follow-up-test, although no immediate effect was found. The interviews showed that group participation was perceived as alleviating the sense of unfinished business in terms of touching emotions gradually, enhancing awareness, letting go of unfulfilled needs and feelings, and being in the here-and-now. The change in self-integrity was experienced in terms of 3 aspects: open attitude, defining self, and planning for the future. Conclusions: The gestalt reminiscence group is beneficial to the elderly. Its application to different groups of elderly people deserves further exploration.