家庭互動型態、子女性別與幼兒社會能力之探討

Family Interaction Patterns, Children's Gender and Children's Social Competence

研究目的：本研究主要目的是瞭解大台北地區學齡前兒童父母的家庭互動型態、子女性別與幼兒社會能力的關係。研究方法：本研究以大台北地區有5-6歲幼兒之未曾離婚或分居的父母及其幼兒為對象，本研究對象為744個家庭。研究結果：本研究結果顯示，首先，家庭互動有「建設型家庭互動」、「衝突型家庭互動」、和「破壞型家庭互動」三種型態。其次，不同家庭互動型態中的幼兒，其社會能力表現亦有不同，「建設型家庭互動」中的幼兒，其社會能力最好，「衝突型家庭互動」中的幼兒居中，表現最不好的是「破壞型家庭互動」中的幼兒。至於孩子性別方面，女生的社會能力優於男生，但男女幼兒不會因不同家庭互動型態而在社會能力上有顯著差異。研究結論：本研究同時檢視婚姻和教養聯盟二個家庭次系統，而且，家庭互動型態對幼兒社會能力而言確有作用，本研究發現可增加我們對於家庭系統和兒童發展關聯的釐清和瞭解。

Purpose: The aim of the present study was to examine the effects of family interaction patterns and children’s gender on children’s social competence. Methods: The subjects of the present study were 744 families with children of ages 5 to 6, including fathers, mothers and children. Results: The results showed that three symmetrical profiles of family interaction patterns were “constructive pattern of family interaction”, “conflictive pattern of family interaction”, and “destructive pattern of family interaction”. In addition, children in “constructive pattern of family interaction” performed the highest level of social competence and children in “destructive pattern of family interaction” performed the least level of social competence. Girls performed higher level of social competence than boys. Nevertheless, children’s gender and family interaction patterns did not show significant interactive effect on children’s social competence. Conclusions: Due to examinations of family interaction patterns and their effects on children’s social competence in the present study, the complexity of family systems could be clarified and the understanding of the effects of family systems on children development could be improved.