性與暴力犯罪者之敵意與性錯覺關連反應

Are Sexual Aggressors Immersed in Hostile-Sexual Misperception?

研究目的：對性犯罪行為而言，敵意與性是兩個重要且相互關連的基模，影響個人知覺與判斷外在刺激的方式。本研究透過錯覺關連實驗法，探討性犯罪組、暴力犯罪組與一般男性成人組之內在認知結構中，敵意與性此兩基模之特徵及兩者間連結關係。研究方法：有兩部分：前測是為了挑選恰當的實驗素材。正式實驗是以錯覺關連實驗比較三組受試者對字詞配對之再認確定程度與出現頻率估計是否有明顯的差異。研究結果：性犯罪組對「敵意—性」的再認確定程度明顯高於一般男性成人組。而暴力犯罪組則對單純只有「敵意」的再認確定程度明顯高於一般男性成人組。單純只有「性」時，兩犯罪組之再認確定程度皆明顯高於一般男性成人組。此外，兩犯罪組均明顯較一般男性成人組高估字詞配對的出現頻率。兩犯罪組之間則無顯著差異。研究結論：部分支持了所提之假設：「敵意」與「性」基模在性犯罪組之認知結構的連結關係明顯較一般男性成人強，但性犯罪組與暴力犯罪組兩組差異並不顯著。

Purpose: Hostility and sex are important inter-connected schemas for sexual offenders that affect the way they perceive and judge incoming information. This study explores the characteristics of hostility and sex, and the connection between them, which underlie personal cognitive structure. Methods: The study had 2 parts, the pretest and the actual experiment. Appropriate word stimuli were selected during the pretest stage of the procedure. All participants were Taiwanese. A sample of 41 sexual offenders (mean age 31) and 13 adult men from the general population (mean age 36) completed free association on target words. Another sample of 30 sexual offenders (mean age 28) and 29 general adult men (mean age 33) evaluated these words’ associative strength to sex and hostility. The actual experiment utilized an illusory correlation method to compare the responses of 42 sexual offenders (mean age 29), 49 violent offenders (mean age 31), and 58 general adult men (mean age 31) on a recognition confidence and a frequency estimation task in a series of word pairings. Results: Sexual offenders’ recognition confidence on hostility-sex word pairings was significantly higher than the general adult male group. The violent offenders’ recognition confidence on hostility-neutral word pairings was significantly higher than the general adult male group. Both the sexual and violent offenders’ recognition confidence on sex-neutral word pairings were significantly higher than the general adult male group. Moreover, both the sexual and violent offenders displayed over-estimation with hostility and sexual schema-related word pairings. The two offender groups did not significantly differ in the frequency estimation task. Conclusions: The results partially supported the proposed hypotheses. Sexual offenders’ cognitive structures in which hostility and sex schemas are interconnected were significantly stronger than those of the general adult male respondents. However, no significant difference was found between the sexual offenders and the violent offenders.