心理師的新角色：台灣司法心理師之專業內涵與發展困境

A New Role for Psychologists: The Practice of Forensic Psychology and its Difficulties in Taiwan

研究目的：本文以筆者過去在英美參與司法心理師工作之經驗，及體查國內目前已有心理師參與部分相關工作，而覺知到目前是國內發展此次專業之契機，因此為文推廣國內心理師尚可發展之新角色。研究方法：介紹歐美司法心理學之發展歷史、蒐集英美司法心理師相關工作內涵：（1）專家證人身分在法庭之角色及如何協助法庭審理案件、（2）進行危險／風險評估：為犯罪嫌疑人及受刑人做預測分類、（3）參與鑑識科學團隊偵查審理刑事案件並從事相關研究、（4）對受刑人提供治療處遇服務；並整理我國心理師目前從事司法心理衡鑑／處遇之相關業務。研究結果：檢討我國目前形成此次專業之困境：（1）心理系之教育課程缺乏涵蓋、司法運作及相關案／判例知識之相關課程、（2）繼續教育鮮少提供上法庭所需之專業準備、（3）司法衡鑑工具不足、鑑定報告缺乏書寫規範、（4）司法心理師相關倫理法則企待重新修訂、（5）治療處遇焦點並未針對服務對象特質調整。研究結論：希望以英美制度為借鑑，對台灣心理師有所啟發，了解未來仍可擴展之業務及角色，以期在下一個十年後，形成司法心理學之專業。

This paper provides an overview of forensic psychology in the United Kingdom and the United States, including its history, development, and the services forensic psychologists provide. The challenges encountered by U.K. and U.S. forensic psychologists are identified, such as the need to distinguish between the levels of forensic knowledge and practice, to establish guidelines for practice, and to resolve ethical dilemmas when providing treatment for offenders. A comparison of current conditions and difficulties that forensic psychologists in the U.K., U.S., and Taiwan face highlighted the need for more studies in the field and greater involvement of the discipline in police work. Recommendations are made for possible working areas and roles in the future so that forensic psychology can become a professional discipline in Taiwan in the next decade.