一般在學青少年自殘行為之相關環境因素初探

Environmental Factors Associated with Self-Mutilation Among a Community Sample of Adolescents

本研究的主要目在檢視一般在學青少年自殘行為發生的比例，並探究家中他人的自殘經驗、親子關係、父母衝突、同儕關係以及師生關係等環境因素與青少年自殘行為之相關性；同時也將檢視自殘行為的性別差異現象。本研究以分層隨機抽樣的方式選取受訪樣本，先按台灣地區都市特性與都市化程度，將台灣分成北、中、南、東四大區域，再依據學校性質分為國中組、高中組與高職組。在取得校方同意後，遂委請學校以隨機的方式選取每一個年級各一班學生參與，並透過自填式團體問卷調查來蒐集相關資料。結果共得有效樣本數為1,975人，其中42%為男性，58%為女性。在本研究樣本中，有22.4%的受訪者過去曾經有過自殘的行為；而且在這些自殘者當中，有75.6%的人表示曾經自殘至少兩次，更有17%的人表示，自己這樣的自殘行為已經發生過「很多次」或「數不清楚幾次」；自殘方式中則以「用利器（如美工刀、玻璃片）割傷自己身體某部位」者所佔的比例（48.6%）為最高，其次則為「用香菸或火柴燙傷自己」（26.5%）。多元邏輯迴歸分析則發現：在控制的情境下，女性、家裡曾有人自殘過、親子關係越差，父母衝突越嚴重，以及師生關係越差的青少年，其自殘的機率就越大。本研究最後根據研究結果進行討論，並提出相關的處遇建議。

The present study investigated the prevalence and environmental correlates of self-mutilation in a community sample of adolescents. It was hypothesized that self-mutilation of family members, parental conflict, poor parent-child relationships, poor peer relationships, and the poor relationship with teachers were related to adolescent self-mutilating behaviors. Gender difference was also examined. The research population was students enrolled in grades 7 to 12 in Taiwan. The multi-stage cluster sampling method was used to select study participants. The effective sample size was 1,975, 42% of whom were male, 58% were female. Data were collected by means of questionnaires administered in the group setting. Logistic regressions were used to test the multivariate model. In this sample, 22.4% of the respondents had self-mutilating behaviors. Among these people, 75.6% had harmed themselves deliberately at least twice, and 17% reported that they did it many times. The most commonly reported self-mutilating behavior was carving on skin (48.6%), followed by burning skin (26.5%). Multivariate logistic analyses indicated that in the controlled setting, the chance of self-mutilation is higher for adolescents who experienced more parental conflict, had poorer parent-child relationships, had poorer relationships with teachers, and had someone at home engaged in self-mutilation. Gender difference was also found; more girls had self-mutilation behavior than boys. Discussion and implication for future interventions are suggested.