社會參與和靈性健康對臺北市社區高齡者幸福感影響之研究

The Impact of Social Participation and Spiritual Health on the Well-being of Elders in Taipei City

研究目的：世界衛生組織（WHO）提出活躍老化主要因素包括健康、參與和安全，其中靈性健康是21世紀新興的健康議題，而社會參與是提升老後生活品質的重要因子。本研究中社會參與包括社會活動、宗教活動、人際關係等三個面向的參與程度；靈性健康包括人我關係、生命意義、超越逆境、信仰與宗教寄託、人與自然關係五個面向的認同程度。研究目的主探究社會參與、靈性健康及幸福感的關係及影響因素。研究方法：本研究以臺北市65歲以上社區照顧關懷據點的高齡者為對象，採面對面問卷調查法進行資料收集，共回收405份問卷。研究結果：經階層迴歸分析結果發現，對高齡者幸福感有正向影響依序為靈性健康量表中的人我關係、超越逆境、信仰與宗教寄託面向，及個人基本變項中的家庭生活滿意度、自覺健康狀況、有無工作；而社會參與對社區高齡者幸福感不具有預測效果。研究結論：提高靈性健康、擁有健康身體、維持良好家庭生活、有工作，有助於提升社區高齡者主觀幸福感，而社會參與經控制靈性健康後，對幸福感無顯著影響。未來研究可著重社會參與內涵及深度對高齡者靈性健康的影響，及不同族群高齡者在靈性健康特質差異的探討。

Purpose: WHO suggests that the main factors in active aging including health, participation, and safety. Spiritual health is a new agenda in health research in the 21st century. Social participation plays a key role to improve elders’ well-being. In the study, social participation includes the dimensions of social activity, religious activity, and interpersonal relationships. Spiritual health encompasses 5 dimensions: human relationships, meaning of life, overcoming adversity, beliefs and religion, and the relationship with nature. The study is to examine relationships among these two major indicators and well-being, and their impact on well-being for elders. Methods: A total of 405 Taipei residents over 65 completed our survey. Results: Hierarchical regression analyses indicated that 3 spiritual health dimensions affected elders’ well-being: interpersonal relationships, overcoming adversity, and beliefs and religion. Personal characteristics such as satisfaction with family relationships, self-reported health status, and having a job also had an impact. No aspect of social participation predicted well-being. Conclusions: Improving spiritual health, maintaining good family relationships, maintaining good health, and having a job all corresponded to the well-being of elders. Future research may focus on the relationship between social participation and spiritual health, and the heterogeneity among groups in spiritual health.