夫妻壓力與情感表露之相關性研究：對偶分析

Stress and Its Association with Emotional Expression in Couples

研究目的：從對偶分析法探討夫妻之外在壓力、關係壓力對於情感表露相互影響的模式。研究方法：以92對台灣南部之夫妻，在取得參與研究同意書後，以實驗室法進行15分鐘夫妻衝突的實境討論錄影，之後再以問卷讓夫妻各自評量生活中的外在壓力與關係壓力資料。錄影資料由2位評分者進行分析、根據24編碼的中文化特定情感編碼系統為工具，分別檢視夫、妻在15分鐘互動中各自所表露的其情感行為，採對偶分析法檢視此三變項間的相互影響關係。研究結果：（一）夫與妻之外在壓力與關係壓力有正相關，且外在壓力與正傾向情感表露無顯著相關。（二）「妻外在壓力影響妻關係壓力，進而影響妻正傾向情感表露」、「妻外在壓力影響妻關係壓力，進而影響夫正傾向情感表露」與「夫外在壓力影響夫關係壓力，進而影響妻正傾向情感表露」等三條路徑成立，顯示妻子在溝通中的正傾向情感表露程度同時受到丈夫之外在壓力與關係壓力，以及自身之外在壓力與關係壓力所影響；而丈夫之正傾向情感表露僅受妻子外在壓力與關係壓力之影響。研究結論：台灣夫妻對於外在壓力、關係壓力以及情感表露之相互影響，其模式差異主要反映在妻子的壓力之感受所影響之夫妻的情感表露上，此結果可能與台灣夫妻互動的特性或是文化的影響有關。

Purpose: We used dyadic analysis to explore the relationship of external stress and relationship stress to emotional expression between husbands and wives in Taiwan. Methods: A total of 92 couples in Southern Taiwan participated in a 15 minute session of laboratory-based conflict discussion. They were video-recorded with their informed consent. They also completed questionnaires on external stress and relationship stress. Two researchers separately used the 24 codes from the Chinese Specific Affect system to code the emotional behaviors expressed during each couple’s conflict. We applied dyadic analysis to examine the interdependence of the variables. Results: For both husbands and wives, external stress positively corresponded with the perception of relational stress. The wives’ positive-oriented emotional expression was affected both by her husband’s and her own perception of relational stress. In contrast, a husband’s positive-oriented emotional expression was mainly influenced by his wife’s perception of relational stress. Conclusions: The gender difference we identified suggests that the wife’s perception of relationship stress impacts the positive-oriented emotional expressions of the couple. Future research should explore whether these findings are linked with the particular dyadic interactions investigated or whether they reflect culturally-related factors for Taiwanese couples.