大專青年的約會暴力經驗與因應策略初探

Dating Violence and Coping Strategies among College Students

研究目的：本研究旨在探討未婚大專青年的約會暴力盛行率及其面對約會暴力所採取的因應策略為何。研究方法：本研究採分層隨機抽樣方式，以問卷調查收集全台1,018位大專青年（416位男性與60位女性；平均年齡為1歲）的量化資料。研究結果：在全體樣本中，59%的學生表示過去一年曾有約會暴力的受暴經驗，包括遭受伴侶的精神暴力（55.5%）、肢體暴力（18.6%）、與性暴力7.6%）。另有6.4%的學生表示過去一年曾有約會暴力的施暴經驗，包括施予伴侶精神暴力（60.6%）、肢體暴力（4.3%）、與性暴力（6.7%）。本研究發現，遭受約會暴力者使用多重的因應策略來處理和伴侶之間的暴力衝突。學生最常使用的前四種因應策略為：和對方理論、多想想對方和這段感情美好之處、尋求朋友的協助、和忍耐。學生最少使用的前四種因應策略則為：尋求專業人士的協助、尋求警察與司法的協助、尋求學校教師、輔導老師或教官的協助、和使用酒精或藥物。本研究發現，大專青年使用何種因應策略類別，與其所遭受的暴力類型多寡、暴力頻率、伴侶關係特性（交往時間長短和委身程度）和性別，皆有顯著的關係。遭受約會暴力的學生通常只有在受暴類型增加以及受暴頻率增多時，才會尋求正式協助。此外，男性在面對約會暴力時，較少使用問題導向因應策略，且使用情緒導向因應策略的比例顯著地高於女性。研究結論：大專青年遭受約會暴力的盛行率高達六成，但受害者多仰賴個人系統來因應約會暴力，甚少求助於正式體系，使得約會暴力呈現盛行率很高、但能見度很低的現象。教育體系與親密關係暴力防治體系應積極宣導健康、無暴力的約會關係，並教導學生如何因應親密關係中的暴力衝突與保障自己的人身安全。

Purpose: This study examines the prevalence rate of dating violence among Taiwanese college students and the types of coping strategies they adopt. Methods: The research design of this study was cross-sectional and correlational. Self-reports and pen-and-paper questionnaires were employed to collect data from a national stratified random sample of 1018 college students from 28 departments in 21 colleges or universities in Taiwan. The formal sample consists of 416 males (40.7%) and 602 females (59%) with a mean age of 21 years. Results: The data showed that 59% of college students with dating experience had been victims of dating violence during the past year (psychological violence: 55.5%; physical violence: 18.6%; sexual violence: 7.6%). A total of 62.4% of participants had perpetrated violence (psychological violence: 60.6%; physical violence: 24.3%; sexual violence: 6.7%) toward their dating partners. College students victimized by violence used a wide range of coping strategies to deal with dating violence, often employing several strategies. Confronting their partner, focusing on positive aspects of the partner/relationship, seeking help from friends, and enduring were the most common strategies reported. Seeking help from professionals, seeking help from the police or legal system, seeking help from school teachers or counselors, and using alcohol or drugs were the least used strategies. The use of coping strategies was significantly associated with violence frequency, the number of types of violence, relationship characteristics (length of dating and commitment) and gender. College students who experienced more types of violence or who experienced violence more frequently were more likely to seek formal help. In addition, male students used more emotion-focused strategies and fewer problem-focused strategies than female students did. Conclusions: Despite the high prevalence of dating violence, as college students are more likely to rely on themselves and less likely to seek formal help, dating violence in Taiwan is almost invisible. Prevention and intervention programs are needed to advocate healthy non-violent relationships and to teach youth how to cope with violent conflict in intimate relationships and how to protect their own safety.