父母衝突下兒童情緒反應之探討：社會學習理論與情緒安全感假說之比較

Children's Emotional Responses to Interparental Conflict: A Comparison between Social Learning Theory and Emotional Security Hypothesis

研究目的：本研究的目的在瞭解兒童面對父母衝突時的情緒反應，比較社會學習理論與情緒安全感假說在詮釋父母衝突下兒童情緒反應的合理性，作為未來國內探討此課題的理論基礎。研究方法：本研究採實驗室模擬情境法，針對5到12歲兒童，測量其面對父母衝突的情緒類別、情緒強度、心跳膚電生理反應及其適應行為，並比較不同年齡、不同性別兒童對不同內容、不同形式衝突所產生的情緒差異。研究結果：兒童的情緒以害怕和難過最多、最強，不同年齡之間無顯著差別，男生的害怕情緒強度顯著較女生高，兒童議題的衝突內容及肢體攻擊和物品攻擊所引發的負向情緒較高。研究結論：綜合兒童的情緒種類、情緒強度、以及對不同內容衝突的情緒反應，情緒安全感假說比社會學習論較能描述兒童面對父母衝突的立即情緒反應，故未來在探討父母衝突對兒童情緒的直接影響時，可依情緒安全感假說開展後續的研究。

Purpose: This study examines children’s emotional responses to interparental conflict. Different predictions from social learning theory and emotional security hypothesis are compared.
Methods: Analogue studies present to 5 to 12 year-old children with videotaped scenarios of interparental conflict. Children’s emotion category, emotional intensity, physiological responses of heart rate and skin conductance response, and their adjustment problems are examined. These responses are further analyzed in relation to children’s age, gender and 2 conflict contents, 3 conflict forms.
Results: Children felt more scared and sad than mad during interparental conflict. The age differences are not significant. Boys report more scared than girls. Physical aggression and object aggression are perceived more negatively than verbal conflict. Child-related contents elicit more distress than parent-related content.
Conclusions: The implications of the results provide more support for the relative utility of emotional security hypothesis than social learning theory.