臺灣學生網路成癮性別差異之後設分析

Gender Differences in Internet Addiction among Students in Taiwan: A Meta-Analysis

研究目的：本研究的主要目的在探討臺灣自國小至大專以上各教育階段學生的網路成癮性別差異。研究方法：本研究針對1998至2013年3月之間共111篇研究報告及97,579位研究對象進行後設分析。研究結果：根據隨機效果模式，本研究發現男學生在總體網路成癮、強迫性上網行為、戒斷與退癮反應、耐受性、時間管理問題以及人際與健康問題等各種網路成癮傾向均高於女學生，其差異為小至中的效果。本研究也逐一檢定出版類型、學生年齡、出版年代、擁有家用電腦、主要上網地點、網路使用經驗與每週上網時數等變項的調節效果。學生年齡對於總體網路成癮性別差異以及戒斷與退癮反應性別差異有顯著的調節效果，出版年代對於戒斷與退癮反應性別差異有顯著的調節效果，主要上網地點對於總體網路成癮、強迫性上網行為與耐受性等性別差異有顯著的調節效果，網路使用經驗對於時間管理問題性別差異有顯著的調節效果。研究結論：根據以上研究發現，文末針對實務與未來研究等方面提出具體建議。

Purpose: This study examined gender differences in Internet addiction among students in Taiwan. Methods: A total of 111 studies (N = 97,579) were included in the meta-analysis. Results: Based on the random-effects model, male students were slightly more likely than females to display overall Internet addiction, compulsive symptoms, withdrawal symptoms, tolerance symptoms, time management problems, and interpersonal and health problems. We examined the moderating effects of publication type, participant age, publication year, availability of a home computer, primary location of Internet use, experience of Internet use, and weekly Internet use time. Participant age was significantly related to the gender differences in overall Internet addiction and withdrawal symptoms. Publication year had positive significant effects on gender differences in withdrawal symptoms. Primary location of Internet use was related to gender differences in overall Internet addiction, compulsive symptoms, and tolerance symptoms. The moderating effect of experience with Internet use on the gender difference in time management problems was also supported. Conclusions: Implications for prevention and intervention were identified and suggestions were made for future research.