長程取向思維與心理適應之關聯

The Relationship between Long-Term Orientation and Psychological Adjustment

研究目的：長程取向思維是個體從廣闊時間視域中詮釋當下經驗的傾向。本文運用具本土意義之長程取向思維量表，探討該心理特徵與心理適應之關聯。研究方法：研究一要求台灣大學學生113名對未來長程取向思維量表、基本心理需求滿足程度，以及各心理適應指標進行自我評估；研究二則要求台灣大學學生269名對過去與未來長程取向思維、評價傾向，以及各適應指標進行自我評估。研究結果：研究一發現：未來長程取向越高者，在學習生活領域中較容易滿足內在動機的來源需求，因此有較佳之心理適應。研究二除重複驗證未來長程取向與心理適應之正向關聯外，也發現過去長程取向雖然與未來長程取向有正相關，但同時也伴隨高度的評價執著，使其無法穩定預測心理適應。研究結論：本研究證明了廣闊時間視域確實可透過提高內在動機而促進心理適應；而過去長程取向思維與心理適應之關聯則較為複雜，必須排除個人對評價的執著後，這種思維與心理適應之正向關聯方能顯現。

Purpose: Long-term orientation (LTO) is defined as the extent to which an individual interprets current life experiences with an extended time horizon. It can be past-oriented or future-oriented. We constructed an LTO scale based on Chinese culture and used it to examine the relationship between LTO and psychological adjustment and to test possible mediation and suppression processes. Methods: In Study 1, 113 National Taiwan University undergraduates evaluated their future-oriented LTO, current satisfaction of basic psychological needs, and psychological adjustment. In Study 2, 269 National Taiwan University undergraduates evaluated their past- and future- oriented LTO, tendency to be judgmental, and their psychological adjustment. Results: Study 1 revealed that participants who reported a higher future-oriented LTO had more need satisfaction (i.e., their intrinsic motivation in the learning domain was higher), which corresponded to improved psychological adjustment. Study 2 replicated the relationship between futureoriented LTO and positive psychological adjustment, and found that although past-oriented LTO was positively correlated with future-oriented LTO, it was also related to the tendency to be judgmental, resulting in inconsistent prediction of psychological adjustment. Conclusions: The results suggest that LTO relates to psychological adjustment through increasing intrinsic motivation. However, the relationship between past-oriented LTO and psychological adjustment is much more complicated. The beneficial effect of past-oriented LTO on psychological adjustment is only evident when excluding the covariate effects of judgmental tendency.