Manu Ka Kmlawa Rudan1？初探太魯閣族老人照顧－－以Ciyakang部落為例

Manu Ka Kmlawa Rudan? An Exploratory Study of the Eldercare Beliefs Held by Truku Elders from the Ciyakang Community

研究目的：「文化照顧」強調照顧是以原住民族的文化與生活慣習為基礎。由於原住民各族群間有其多樣性，老人照顧需個別化的考量族群或部落老人的生活與文化脈絡。本文以Ciyakang部落為例，探討當地太魯閣族老人的生活慣習與對照顧的觀點，藉此深化對個別族群老人需求的瞭解。研究方法：本文採用立意抽樣與滾雪球法針對11位居住於Ciyakang部落的太魯閣族老人進行深度訪談。研究結果：參與的部落老人指出社會變遷使其在部落與家庭的地位邊陲化，文化傳承與照顧者角色受到衝擊；部落老人認為理想的照顧應兼顧身心靈和生活習慣；而太魯閣族人自尊高且重視能力取向、獨立自理與互惠之生活習慣，這些皆幫助形塑其對照顧的看法。研究結論：本研究結果呼應既有的文化照顧論述，強調老人照顧的規劃要立基於生活習慣。太魯閣族老人對自尊、能力取向、獨立自理與互惠的看重，影響其日常生活與行為。建議未來對部落老人照顧的規劃可以此作為參考，以充權能力、尊重自主意願與互助互惠的方式，讓老人在熟悉的生活場域中延續其日常習慣，方能使其身心靈皆受到照顧。

Purpose: Because of the diversity of indigenous communities, it is critical to understand the unique cultural context of each in order to provide elder care that meets the needs and expectations of the locals. The term cultural care emphasizes caring based on a particular indigenous community’s culture and living habits. We explored the cultural care of the Ciyakang, an indigenous community among the Truku people, with the goal of understanding the specific needs of Truku elders. Method: We employed purposive sampling and the snowball method to conduct in-depth interviews with 11 Truku elders from the Ciyakang community. Results: The participating tribal elders reported that social changes have marginalized their status in the family and the tribe, and weakened the tribe’s cultural heritage as care providers. Participants indicated that the ideal care model should incorporate mind, body, and spirit, as well as the lifestyle of the tribe. Our analysis revealed that participants’ views and perceptions about eldercare were shaped by the characteristics of the Truku people: high self-esteem, capability, independence, and mutualism. Conclusions: The findings reflected the cultural care theory, suggesting that future planning for the care of indigenous elders should be centered on their lifestyle. Truku elders valued empowerment, autonomy, independence, and mutualism. These values influenced their daily life and behavior. Care planning should accord with these values. The geographic scope of service delivery should be expanded to the areas in which elders dwell and are familiar with in order to sustain their daily routines and provide holistic care that encompasses mind, body, and spirit.