資源適配度對災後心理健康的影響——以莫拉克風災為例

The Effect of a Match between Resource Demand and Supply on Post-disaster Psychological Health: A Prospective Study of Typhoon Morakot

研究目的：根據資源保留理論的預測，災後的資源流失會增加個體的身心壓力症狀，資源獲得則有相反的效果。然而，資源獲得對身心壓力的效果，實證研究卻有不一致的發現。本研究採前瞻性追蹤研究設計，以莫拉克安遷戶為樣本，除檢驗資源流失和資源獲得對災後心理健康的影響之外，也提出受災者的資源供給與需求滿足之資源適配度會影響災後身心壓力症狀。研究方法：本研究使用每年一波、災後一、二、三、六年的固定樣本追蹤研究，以身心壓力症狀為後果變項，使用階層線性模式進行資料分析。研究結果：在控制人口學變項後，資源流失與災後身心壓力有顯著正相關，資源獲得不預測身心壓力，資源適配度與身心壓力症狀之降低有顯著相關。研究結論：執行災後救助的過程中，需要關注受災者對資源的需求。提供符合受災者需求的資源，不僅可增進災後救助的效率，也能降低受災者的身心壓力症狀。

Objective: According to the Conservation of Resources Theory (COR), resource loss corresponds to an increase in psychological stress after a disaster, while resource gain has the opposite effect. However, previous studies concerning the effect of resource gain on psychological stress have had inconsistent results. We speculated that there may exist other factors affecting the association between resource gain and psychological stress. We used a prospective and follow-up design with a sample of typhoon Morakot-impacted residents to re-examine the hypotheses derived from the COR. We then proposed a third condition in which there is a match between resource needs and supply, and examined the effect of this condition on psychological distress. Methods: We used 4 waves of data collected in the first, second, third, and sixth years following Typhoon Morakot. We used hierarchical linear model (HLM) for the analyses. Results: The HLM revealed that, after controlling for demographic variables, resource loss significantly predicted psychological stress, but resource gain could not predict psychological stress. The negative relationship between the degree of resource demand-supply match and psychological distress was statistically significant. Conclusions: To deliver disaster relief logistics and other resources, it is important to pay attention to the needs of the victims. Relief resources that match the needs of victims not only make the use of resources more efficient, but can also better alleviate victims’ psychological stress.