牧雲和尚《嬾齋別集》詩學

Muyun Tongmen (Chan Master Muyun), Lanzhai Bieji: A Study of His Poetic Works

明末清初時期，僧人熱衷於詩作，卻流於世俗之見，而禪詩缺乏實際宗教修持的觀照。牧雲深刻察覺明末清初佛教世俗化危機，必然會導致僧詩捨棄禪悟之本源，故提出具體詩學主張，企圖導正當時詩僧偏頗行徑，回歸佛法核心。詩禪分離的外部因素，主要是權力結構與文人交遊等佛教世俗化。但是，禪詩的詩意與悟境兩者之間的內部互動機制究竟為何？筆者分析《嬾齋別集》牧雲詩文，發現僧詩與禪修體悟的關係十分密切。牧雲認為僧詩的真諦，在於「以志通道，以詩言志。」而其詩學的理論核心，則根植於華嚴修行與禪修體證的深度融合，唯有回歸以悟攝詩的根本框架，詩作才能自然而然地流露出來。換言之，牧雲在在彰顯修行本懷對於僧詩的重要性。

During the late Ming and early Qing dynasties, monks were enthusiastic about Chan Poetry, yet their work often succumbed to worldly perspectives, and Chan Poetry lacked genuine reflection on religious practice. Muyun keenly perceived that the secularization crisis of Buddhism during this period would inevitably lead monks to abandon the essence of Chan enlightenment in their poetry. Thus, he proposed specific poetic principles to correct the prevailing biases among monk-poets and restore the core of Buddhist teachings. The external factors driving the separation of poetry and Chan primarily stemmed from the secularization of Buddhism, influenced by power structures and literati social circles. However, what was the internal mechanism of interaction between poetic imagery and the realm of enlightenment within Chan Poetry? By analyzing Muyun's poetry and prose in the Lanzhai Bieji, the author discovered a profoundly close relationship between monastic poetry and the insights gained through Chan practice. Mu Yun believed the true essence of monastic poetry lay in“using poetry to express one's aspirations and conveying one's aspirations through poetry.”The core of his poetic theory was rooted in the profound integration of Huayan practice and Zen meditation realization. Only by returning to the fundamental framework of capturing poetry through the state of enlightenment could poetic works flow naturally. In other words, Muyun consistently emphasized the importance of the original intent of practice for monastic poetry.