近代東亞「新佛教」視野下的臺灣佛教改革運動：以《南瀛佛教》佛教振興與改革徵文為中心

New Buddhist Movements in Taiwan during the Japanese Colonial Period: Focused on the Calls for Submissions on Buddhist Reform in Nanying Buddhism

近代東亞各國，包含日本、韓國、中國與臺灣，均出現「新佛教運動」，主張消弭從舊佛教而來的迷信、俗信，從而建立基於理性理解佛教義理與歷史事實而來的「新信仰」，並基於此一目標推動一系列「復興∕振興」佛教的舉措。日治時期的臺灣佛教界也出現一批大聲疾呼、力圖改革的佛教青年，他們接受新式佛教僧伽的培育，對於佛教的教義、活動，以及面對時代、社會應該扮演的角色，均與過往有所不同。本文將以日治時期佛教界發聲的代表刊物《南瀛佛教》中出現的佛教振興與改革徵文為核心，考察相關倡議者、佛教改革議題的變遷，並探究其間所涉及的日臺佛教網絡與時代思潮。

In modern East Asia, including Japan, Korea, China, and Taiwan, there emerged a“New Buddhist Movement,”advocating the elimination of superstition and folk beliefs inherited from old Buddhism. Instead, it aimed to establish a“New Faith”based on rational understanding of Buddhist doctrines and historical facts. To achieve this goal, a series of initiatives were undertaken to“revive”or“revitalize”Buddhism.
During the Japanese colonial period, Taiwan՚s Buddhist community also saw a group of outspoken young Buddhists striving for reform. They received education in the new style of Buddhist Sangha, and their views on Buddhist doctrines, activities, and the role Buddhism should play in the era and society were different from the past.
This paper focuses on the essays on Buddhist revitalization and reform published in the representative journal of the Buddhist community: Nanying Buddhism. It examines the changes in relevant advocates and issues of Buddhist reform, as well as the Japanese- Taiwanese Buddhist network and the intellectual trends of the time.