抗戰下的性別政治：重慶婦女時尚消費爭議與政府管控

Gender Politics in the Context of War: Controversies over Women’s Fashion Consumption and Government Control in Chongqing

抗戰時期，大量江浙滬下江人內遷重慶，推動了重慶城市婦女時尚消費的興盛。圍繞婦女時尚消費問題引發的社會爭議，呈現了戰時重慶性別政治的獨特性：一方面，這場爭議延續了戰前爭議的核心矛盾，即男性主導的傳統審美觀與女性主體意識的對抗；另一方面，這場爭議因戰爭而加劇，抗戰意識形態成為左右爭議的統攝力量。與此同時，重慶市政當局以節約抗戰為名強化管控，將婦女時尚消費高度政治化。這種針對女性的性別化治理舉措，在動員婦女團體參與管控的同時，也激起了社會各界的性別異議，加之婦女特權群體和性別合謀現象的存在，削弱了政府管控的效果。政府管控的性別困境表明，戰時性別政治並非簡單的男女二元對立，而是交織著階層分化和經濟利益衝突。可見，戰爭使婦女時尚消費成為抗戰話語和性別權利競逐的場域。這一博奕過程既延續了戰前的「摩登」婦女爭論和政府管控實踐，又因大規模人口跨區域流動和抗戰的影響，呈現出多種權力關係的交織與互動，從而深刻揭示了抗戰脈絡下性別權力結構的重構過程。

During the War of Resistance against Japan, the mass population migration from Jiangsu, Zhejiang, and Shanghai to Chongqing significantly influenced the city’s urban landscape, particularly women’s fashion consumption. This phenomenon sparked social controversies that highlighted the unique gender politics of wartime Chongqing. These debates not only perpetuated the core conflict from pre-war discussions,—namely the tension between male-dominated traditional aesthetics and women’s increasing sense of autonomy,—but were also intensified by the war, with resistance ideology emerging as a dominant force in shaping said discourse. Simultaneously, the Chongqing municipal government leveraged the rhetoric of wartime austerity to tighten its control, thereby politicizing women’s fashion consumption to an unprecedented degree. This gendered governance strategy mobilized women’s organizations to participate in regulatory efforts, yet it also fomented gender-based dissent from various societal sectors. Moreover, the presence of privileged women’s groups and instances of gender collusion undermined the efficacy of government control. The gendered dilemma of state intervention illustrates that wartime gender politics was not a straightforward binary opposition between men and women but was intricately intertwined with class divisions and economic conflicts. The war thus transformed women’s fashion consumption into a contested arena where narratives of resistance and gendered power struggles intersected. This negotiation process not only continued pre-war debates over“modern”women and previous government regulatory practices but also, influenced by large-scale interregional migration and the harsh realities of war, reflected the complex interplay of multiple power relations. In doing so, it profoundly reveals the restructuring of gender power dynamics within the context of the War of Resistance.