台灣民眾對網路攻擊的風險感知與政策態度

Public Perception of Cyberattacks and Policy Attitudes in Taiwan

網路攻擊已成為各國共同面臨的國家安全挑戰，網路恐怖主義的核心目標在於透過灌輸恐懼與脆弱感，削弱民眾的韌性，動搖其對政府防禦能力的信心。這類攻擊所引發的不安，不僅威脅國家安全，也侵蝕民眾的數位福祉，危及公眾公平、安心地近用網路服務的權益。瞭解民眾對此議題的認知與風險意識，以及其對政策與民主價值的影響，因而成為亟需探討的課題。本研究從風險感知的觀點出發，結合媒介效果與決策理論，探討網路攻擊事件是否會削弱民眾對政府的信任，並影響其對強硬政策的支持。
根據TWNIC 2024年調查（N=2,147），多數民眾對具體攻擊事件並不熟悉，僅約四成相信政府有能力有效應對。然而，民眾普遍不認同政府應以監控電話、電子郵件或社群媒體等手段維護資安，也不支持對發動攻擊的國家採取報復措施，顯示人們不願為安全而犧牲隱私等基本人權與民主價值。研究亦發現，政治信任是影響政府應對信心與強硬政策支持的關鍵因素，而政策知識能增強民眾對政府應對能力的信任。政府若能透過健全法規與資訊透明，展現積極作為，將有助於提升公眾信任，並促進整體社會的數位福祉與韌性。

Cyberattacks have become a pressing national security challenge worldwide. The core objective of cyberterrorism is to instill fear and vulnerability, thereby weakening public resilience and undermining citizens’confidence in the government’s ability to protect them from future attacks. Such threats not only endanger national security but also erode citizens’digital well-being, jeopardizing their right to fair, secure, and reliable access to online services. Understanding how the public perceives and evaluates cyber threats, and how these perceptions shape their policy preferences and democratic values, has thus become an urgent research agenda.
Drawing on the perspectives of risk perception, media effects, and decision-making theories, this study examines the mechanisms through which cyberattack incidents may undermine trust in government and shape public support for hardline policies. Based on the 2024 TWNIC national survey (N = 2,147), results show that most citizens are unfamiliar with specific cyberattack incidents, and only about 40% believe the government is capable of handling future attacks. While citizens call for stronger responses, they largely oppose government surveillance or retaliatory measures, reflecting a reluctance to sacrifice human rights and democratic values in the name of cybersecurity. Political trust emerges as the strongest predictor of both confidence in government response and support for hardline policies. Strengthening cybersecurity legislation and improving government transparency may therefore enhance public trust, resilience, and overall digital well-being.