文化遺產化視野下的阿里山高山茶工藝與知識體系

The Craft and Knowledge System of Alishan High Mountain Tea From the Perspective of Cultural Heritagization

本文以「文化遺產化」視角，探討阿里山高山茶工藝的實踐與知識體系建構。研究首先回顧相關理論與文獻，包括「文化遺產化」概念、技藝知識的社會建構，以及茶產業空間治理與地方性實踐的交織，作為分析框架。接著梳理阿里山的種茶歷史與技術發展脈絡，並深入分析茶葉製作過程中身體技藝的學習方式，包括師徒制、默會知識的傳承與個人化操作的累積經驗。研究亦聚焦於製茶工藝的制度規範，如：產銷班組織與比賽茶制度，並說明這些制度如何影響技藝傳承與品質控制。最後，本文探討族群關係對知識交流的作用，分析平地人與鄒族在茶產業中的互動，以及族群網絡如何塑造技藝傳承與資源配置。研究發現，阿里山高山茶工藝的文化遺產價值，不僅體現在具體茶品與製程技術上，更蘊含在社會關係、制度安排與地方知識網絡中，呈現出制度實作與「文化遺產化」之間的多層次交織。

This study investigated the practice and the construction of the knowledge system of Alishan high mountain tea craftsmanship from the perspective of cultural heritagization. First, the present study reviewed relevant theories and literature on cultural heritagization, the social construction of craft knowledge, and the interweaving of spatial governance and local practices within the tea industry, which together formed the analytical framework. The present study then traced the historical development of tea cultivation and processing techniques in Alishan, followed by an in-depth analysis of how embodied skills are acquired in tea-making through pathways such as the master–apprentice system, the transmission of tacit knowledge, and the accumulation of individualized operational experience. The present study also examined institutional frameworks that shape tea-making practices, such as production and marketing groups and competition tea system, and discussed how these institutions influence the transmission of craftsmanship and quality control. Finally, the role of interethnic relations in knowledge exchange was analyzed by exploring interactions between lowland Han settlers and the Tsou people, and how ethnic networks structure the transmission of craftsmanship and the allocation of resources. The findings indicate that the cultural heritage value of Alishan’s high mountain tea craftsmanship lies not only in tangible tea products and processing techniques but also in its embeddedness within social relations, institutional arrangements, and local knowledge networks. This multilayered configuration demonstrates the dynamic interweaving of institutional practices and cultural heritagization.