地名於自然災害風險溝通的應用──以臺灣漢族社區和原住民族部落為例

Place Names in Natural Hazard Risk Communication: A Case Study of Han Chinese and Indigenous Communities

臺灣的山坡地佔國土面積70%以上，常受到山洪、崩塌與土石流等自然災害威脅。政府為讓社會各界了解自然災害資訊，已經建置許多災害潛勢圖或防災地圖供大眾使用，包含紙本和數值檔。儘管這些地圖是協助自然災害風險溝通的重要工具，但是如何引起民眾興趣，進一步使用這些豐富的資訊來認識在地的孕災環境，是進行防災溝通時的重要課題。在各式災害相關地圖上，通常會有「地名」的文字註記，而地名常蘊含當地民眾對在地環境的識覺及經驗，可視為過去常民知識的「再現（representation）」，所以，本研究目的即為探討以地名作為引起民眾閱讀災害相關地圖之切入點的可行方案。
本研究以雲林縣古坑鄉草嶺社區與桃園市復興區高義部落為交流對象，首先調查兩地的地形以及與坡地災害相關的地名，進而設計這些地名如何呈現於地圖上，並應用於自然災害風險溝通。研究發現地名能引發在地居民的興趣，使用相關地名進行災害風險溝通時，居民可以從中獲得坡地災害的相關知識，同時亦有利於世代之間或不同群體之間的交流，提高居民對於孕災環境特性與災害的瞭解，加深對潛在災害的印象。研究亦發現，利用地圖呈現地名來進行災害溝通時，若能納入在地居民對其他面向資訊的需求，則更能提高民眾使用地圖的機會。

In Taiwan, over 70% of the area is slope land and is subject to various natural hazard threats, such as flash floods, landslides, and debris flows. Therefore, the government has aimed to raise public awareness and understanding of the natural hazards and risks that may affect their daily lives. After years of effort, the government has achieved significant success in natural hazards management and has constructed many disasters potential maps and disaster prevention maps for public use. Although these maps are important tools for natural hazard risk communication, a key challenge is how to engage and encourage the public to use these maps, which carry important hazard and prevention information, in the process of risk communication. Along with various hazard related information, place names are also essential information labelled on the maps. In addition to the naming function, place names can be regarded as a‘representation’of traditional local knowledge, embodying the local people’s perception and experience of their environment. Therefore, they can serve as a means to enhance public interests for using disaster prevention resources.
This study analyzed the practical application of place names related to landforms and sediment-related disasters in natural hazard risk communication with two study sites - the Caoling Community of Gukeng Township, Yunlin County, and the Gaoyi Community of Fuxing District, Taoyuan City. The study found that using relevant place names in hazard risk communication allows local people to re-gain knowledge about sediment-related disasters specific to their area and facilitates intergenerational and group exchanges about such hazards. This approach enhances their understanding and deepens their awareness of environmental hazards, demonstrating the usefulness of place names in hazard risk communication. It is also worth to point out the importance to include the residents’needs for information from other perspectives so that to enhance the effectiveness of natural hazard risk communication.