勞動價值的重構：彈性化與自動化的挑戰與契機

Reconstructing the Value of Labor: Challenges and Opportunities in the Era of Flexibilization and Automation

近年來，隨著數位化時代的展開，自動化（automation）的論題再度引發人們的熱議與焦慮。「人工智能」（Artificial Intelligence, AI）的突破性發展為人們帶來了各種便利，也帶來了人們面對科技霸權的侵逼與宰制時的無能為力。跨國性、全球性的資本移動進一步加劇了這種宰制，使得生產環節中的人類勞動力，或是追逐工作不斷跨境遷移，或是片段化自己的工作軌跡、培養多種技能以利跨域移動；再等而下之的，可能就是無可奈何承受低薪待遇、或者是被資本拋棄——越來越多的人們面臨約聘制、無薪假、斜槓人生等自我剝削的勞動處境。綜言之，當代的人們正面臨著一種「被拋棄的危機」（the crisis of being thrown），這不僅僅關乎最基本的謀生問題，更涉及人們如何在不確定的世界中尋找自我意義與價值。
另一方面，地方的議題也日漸受到注目：面對以全球為範圍之不斷移動、混雜、扁平化的歷程，地方不再僅僅是全球化秩序中的邊緣地帶，反而可能成為一個重建生活意義的重要場域。在這個場域中，人們能夠通過「在地方」的勞動實踐，重新掌握自己的勞動條件，並在形成社群的真實連結中，找到一種不那麼依附於資本市場的生存方式。面對以全球為範圍之不斷移動、混雜、扁平化的歷程，我們如何看待我們與所託身之「地方/社群」之間的關係？
本文認為，當彈性資本主義令人們的生活軌跡逐步破碎、全球化不斷掏空地方的意義之際，重新建構勞動可以有的價值，或許能夠為那些在「被拋棄的危機」中掙扎的人們，提供一條重建自我、形成社群、找回人生意義與價值的可行之路。本文將合觀鄂蘭（Hannah Arendt）對「勞動」（Labor）與「工作」（Work）的區分，以及桑內特（Richard Sennett）對「匠心」（Craftsmanship）的闡釋，結合一個在地方勞動的真實案例，試圖闡釋一組勞動的價值觀點以供當代人們參考，並指出人類在這場「被拋棄的危機」中，仍舊擁有的可能出路。

In recent years, with the advent of the digital age, the topic of automation has once again sparked widespread discussion and anxiety. The groundbreaking developments in Artificial Intelligence (AI) have brought various conveniences, but also a sense of powerlessness as people confront the encroachment and dominance of technological hegemony. Transnational and global capital mobility further exacerbates this control, leading human labor in production processes to either constantly migrate across borders in pursuit of work, or to fragment their career paths and cultivate multiple skills to facilitate cross-domain movement. At a lower level, many are forced to endure low wages or are abandoned by capital, with an increasing number of people facing precarious employment, unpaid leave, and ''slashie'' lifestyles–self-exploitative labor conditions. In summary, contemporary individuals are facing a ''crisis of being thrown,'' which not only concerns the fundamental issue of making a living but also how people find self-meaning and value in an uncertain world.
On the other hand, local issues have also gained increasing attention. Faced with a global process of constant movement, hybridization, and flattening, the local is no longer merely a marginalized area within the globalized order. Instead, it can become a crucial space for reconstructing the meaning of life. In this space, people can regain control over their working conditions through ''place-based'' labor practices and find a way of life less dependent on the capital market by forming genuine community connections. Faced with a global process of constant movement, hybridization, and flattening, how do we view our relationship with the ''place/community'' to which we belong?
This paper argues that as flexible capitalism increasingly fragments people's life trajectories and globalization continuously hollows out the meaning of place, reconstructing the potential value of labor may offer a viable path for those struggling in the ''crisis of being thrown'' to rebuild themselves, form communities, and rediscover meaning and value in life. This paper will jointly examine Hannah Arendt's distinction between ''Labor'' and ''Work,'' along with Richard Sennett's elucidation of ''Craftsmanship,'' combining them with a realworld example of local labor. It seeks to elaborate on a set of labor values for contemporary reference and point out the possible avenues still available to humanity in this ''crisis of being thrown.''